AnP I Lab Quiz 2

Tissue

a group of structurally and functionally related cells and their

extracellular matrix (ECM) that together perform common functions

Histology

study of normal structures of tissues

Extracellular materials

Composed of substances in a liquid, thick gel, or solid that surround cells of a tissue; consists of ground substance and protein fibers. These include extracellular fluids, cellular secretions, and extracellular matrix

Extracellular fluids

Body fluids including interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid

Interstitial fluid

cells are submersed (bathed) in this fluid

blood plasma

fluid of the blood

Cerebrospinal fluid

fluid surrounding nervous system organs

Cellular secretions

These are salivia, mucus, gastric fluids

Extracellular matrix

substance that acts as glue to hold cells together

Protein fibers

embedded within ground substance and include collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers.

Epithelial Tissue

these consist of tightly packed cells that are linked together by tight junctions and desmosomes. they are fairly impermeable and resistant to physical stresses and mechanical injury. Classified by layers and shape

Basal lamina

ECM synthesized by epithelial cells; consists of collagen fibers and ground substance

reticular lamina

synthesized by underlying connective tissue; consists of reticular fibers and ground substance

Simple epithelial

consist of a single layer and are adapted for transportation of substances between different tissues

Stratified epithelial

consist of more than one layer; best suited as protective barriers in

locations subjected to high degrees of mechanical stress

Squamous

these are flattened

Cuboidal

short

Columnar

tall and elongated

Simple Squamous epithelium

very thin single layer of cells; adapted for rapid diffusion of substances; found in air sacs of lung, specific segments of kidney tubules, and lining blood vessels

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Single layer of cube-shaped cells with a large central nucleus;

found in segments of renal tubules, respiratory passages, ducts of many glands, and thyroid gland. They are for secretion and absorption

Simple columnar epithelium

single layer of rectangular-shaped cells with nuclei located in the basal portion of the cell, found in the small intestine. They are for absorption and secretion, with added protection and more surface area.

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Appears to be layered because nuclei are found at various heights; found in the trachea and other segments of the respiratory tract and nasal cavity; ciliated. They secrete mucus and move it through the respiratory tract using cilia. The mucus is secreted through goblet cells and they trap dust, pathogens, and debris.

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium tissue

apical cellular layers retain nuclei; still alive; found in regions subjected to mechanical stress where surface must remain moist but still protected; i.e. esophagus.

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Apical cellular layers are dead; lack nuclei; are filled with protein keratin; make tissue tough and resistant to friction; are well adapted for outer layers of skin. They also protect from pathogen entry and helps prevent dehydration

Transitional epithelium

only found in urinary system; lines interior of kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra; ability of apical cells to flatten contributes to ability of urinary tissues to stretch. The stretch readily which permits urine to distend urinary organ. They are stratified and surface cells are either domeshaped or squamous like depending on stretch. The basal cells are cuboidal or columnar.