Skin/Musculoskeletal/Diet/Others

Cantaloupe

High potassium fruit

Difficulty swallowing

Which assessment finding is associated with cranial nerve dysfunction after carotid endarterectomy?

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

This treatment is done for burns, osteomyelitis, and diabetic ulcers

Ball and socket

This joint allowed movement in any direction

Radiation skin care (dry skin!)

Interventions include:

• Avoid swimming in saltwater

• Avoid use of adhesive bandages

• Wear loose clothing

• Rinse area with saline solution

Fiber

Foods that are high in this include:

• Apples

• Oatmeal

• Green peas

• Beans

• Breakfast cereals

Elevated ALD

This lab value can indicate polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and muscular dystrophy

Side-lying

A client has an abdominoperineal resection. Which position would the nurse encourage the client to assume to promote perineal wound healing?

Mucositis

Condition of sores in the mucous membranes, especially in the mouth

Frequent oral assessments and care to be implemented

Dehiscence

Wound opening in which a sterile nonadherent dressing or saline is applied to the wound; must notify the surgeon immediately

• Have patient bend the knees and the avoid coughing

Neuropathy

Prevention measures include:

• Daily inspection of feet for deformities

• Daily cleaning and allowing to dry

• Nails trimmed properly

Compartment Syndrome

Condition in which swelling causes increased pressure in a limited space, which compromises blood vessel and nerve function in the compartment

• Treated via fasciotomy

Compartment Syndrome

S/S include:

• Pain

• Pressure

• Paresthesia

• Pallor, coolness, and loss of normal color

• Paralysis/loss of function

• Pulselessness

Patch

What should be placed on the eye for a patient about to sleep after an eye surgery?

Plain water

What should be used for dry, sensitive skin affected by radiation?

Acne Vulgaris

Inflamed, red, and painful lesions usually seen in adolescents

Varicocele

Elongated and twisted superficial veins near the spermatic cord, superior to the testicle

Comedones

Noninflammatory lesions seen primarily on the face

Mucus strands

What is to be expected in the tears of someone with dry eye syndrome with reduced tear production?

Cataract

An opacity of the lens

Vitiligo

Skin condition described as total loss of pigmentation in affected areas

Comminuted

Type of fracture in which the bone has been broken into fragments with the skin still intact

Compound

Type of fracture in which the skin is broken into

Complete

Type of fracture in which the bone is broken cleanly into two parts

Greenstick

Type of fracture in which splintering occurs on one side of the bone and bending on the other

Increased intraocular pressure

What measurement is indicative of glaucoma?

Type 1

Hypersensitivity in which there is a rapid or immediate reaction (histamines released)

• Allergies, anaphylaxis, angioedema

Type 2

Hypersensitivity in which the reaction is cytotoxic

• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis

Type 3

Hypersensitivity in which the reaction is immune-complex mediated (deposits formed in vessels resulting in inflammation)

• Vasculitis, SLE, rheumatoid arthritis

Type 4

Hypersensitivity in which the reaction is delayed (macrophages and inflammation)

• Poison ivy, graft rejection, positive TB test, sarcoidosis

Bradykinesia

The slowing down of the initiation and execution of movement; includes nonintention tremors

Parathyroid Hormone

Hormone involved in:

• Increasing bone breakdown

• Increasing serum calcium

• Increasing net release of calcium and phosphorus (positive relationship)

Thyroid Hormone

Hormone involved in:

• Calcium absorption

• Decreasing serum calcium

Pustule

Superficial lesions filled with purulent fluid on the skin (examples are acne and impetigo)

Wheal

Firm, irregularly shaped lesion (insect bites and urticaria)

Plaque

Circumscribed, elevated superficial solid lesions that are less than 0.5 mm in diameter (psoriasis, seborrheic)

Vesicles

Circumscribed, superficial collection of serous fluid (varicella and second-degree burns)

White (pallor)

Skin color that indicates a decreased hemoglobin level or vasoconstriction (decreased blood flow)

Yellow-orange

Skin color that indicates an increased urochrome, bilirubin, or carotene level

Red (erythema)

Skin color that indicates increased blood flow in the skin (vasodilation)

Blue

Skin color that indicates an increase in deoxygenated blood (cyanosis) or bleeding vessels into tissue (bruising, petechiae)

Reddish blue

Skin color that indicates increased hemoglobin or decreased peripheral circulation

Myasthenia Gravis

Autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness as a result of impaired acetylcholine inhibitors; can affect ability to swallow

• Treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and symptom management/strengthening

Hypothyroidism

S/S include:

• Cold intolerance

• Weight gain

• Dyspnea

• Bradycardia

• Facial puffiness

Hyperthyroidism (graves disease)

S/S include:

• Increased BP, tachycardia

• Heat intolerance

• Fatigue

• Insomnia

• Goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)

Propylthiouracil or methimazole

First-line treatments for hyperthyroidism (2)

Thyroid Storm

Life-threatening condition (emergency situation) associated with hyperthyroidism

• Restlessness, fever, and tachycardia

MS

Condition caused by immune, genetic, and/or infectious factors that affects the myelin and nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord

• Fatigue, muscle spasticity, nystagumus, intention tremors

MS

Drug therapy primarily includes immunomodulators and antineoplastic drugs

Myasthenia Gravis

Disease of impaired acetylcholine receptors resulting in muscle weakness

• Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors primary treatment

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Autoimmune disease that affects primarily the synovial joints systemically

• Treatment includes NSAIDS and immunosuppression

Gout

Inflammatory disease caused by a response to a large amount of uric acid in the blood; can cause arthritis and systemic complications

• Treatment is Colchicine and pain management

Presbyopia

Condition of decreased elasticity in the ocular lens that occurs with aging

Weight-bearing exercises

What to encourage in patients with a low bone density?

Isometric exercises

What to encourage in patients with muscular atrophy?

Guillan-Barre

S/S include:

• Paresthesia

• Muscle weakness

• Paralysis

• Respiratory compromise

Moisturizing lotion

What should be applied to skin with psoriasis post-discharge several times per day?

Potassium

Foods that are high in this include:

• Peanut butter

• Whole grains

• Tuna

Kyphosis

Posterior curvature of the thoracic spine; “hunch back”

Lordosis

Excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine

Scoliosis

Lateral curvature of the spine

Osteoporosis

Loss of bone mass and a deterioration of bone tissues

Pulse, temperature, skin integrity of restrained area(s) and behavior leading to usage

Assessment items needed for a client in restraints?

Forehead and upper thorax

Appropriate places to take temperatures for patients on sedatives or hypnotics due to diaphoresis?

Bulimia

Condition in which one binge eats and uses laxatives and self-induced vomiting to prevent weight gain

7.40

Normal body pH?

Instilling lidocaine in the ear (or alcohol, mineral oil)

A client arrives at the emergency department and reports a buzzing sound in his ear. The client tells the nurse that an insect flew into the ear. Which intervention does the nurse take first to remove the insect?

Continuous rewarming of toes for 15-20 minutes

A nurse prepares to treat frostbite of the toes of a man experiencing homelessness, who was brought to the emergency department by the police. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?

Stage 1

Pressure ulcer involving reddened but intact skin

Stage 2

Pressure ulcer with partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis or dermis

• Abrasion, blister, or shallow crater

Stage 3

Pressure ulcer with a deep crater

Stage 4

Pressure ulcer with the development of sinus tracts

Elevating limb and applying ice (decreases edema)

A nurse is caring for a client who has just had a plaster leg cast applied. Which measure does the nurse implement to prevent the development of compartment syndrome?

Last tetanus vaccine? (risk for infection)

A nurse in the emergency department is assessing a client who sustained an open leg fracture in a fall from a ladder. Which question is most important for the nurse to ask the client?

Foods high in carbs (low in protein and fats)

A nurse has provided dietary instructions to a client with viral hepatitis whose laboratory results indicate liver impairment. The nurse realizes that teaching has been effective if the client verbalizes the need to make which change?

Inverse

The relationship between calcium and phosphorus is…

Smoking

What lifestyle choice greatly increases the risk for osteoporosis?

Paget Disease

Condition characterized by abnormal bone remodeling, causing enlarged and weakened bones with some brainstem manifestations

Pain and numbness

What is to be expected by the patient following a carpal tunnel release procedure?

DEXA Scan

Diagnostic procedure to establish a patient’s bone strength and presence of osteoporosis?

Hydrophilic Dressing

What dressing to use for wet wounds to draw moisture out from surrounding areas to prevent breakdown?

Hydrophobic

Type of dressing to use on dry wounds?

Facial

Area of burns that put the patient at the greatest risk for pulmonary distress?

Sun protection

Major teaching for patients taking doxycycline post-discharge