church history ch6-7

Martin Luther

the founder of Lutheranism who rebelled against the church by nailing his 95 thesis on Church in Wittenburg

Pope Leo X

excommunicated Martin Luther

Zwingli

the religion based in switzerland, no images, music, feast days, Eucharist symbolic not real

Calvin

French but went to Switzerland, no sacraments, papacy, monastic living, celibacy, belief in predestination, very strict, made theocracy

Henry VIII

Anglicanism; no pope, Monarch head of Church - Oath of Supremacy; Elizabeth I solidified Anglican religion and had persecutions for those not following it - Puritans eventually fled England for New World because of this

Descartes

everything should be questioned; "I think; therefore I am"

Rousseau

criticized the Church and monastic life in The Social Contract

Voltaire

Candide - mocked the Church

Galileo Galilei

stood in opposition to what the Church had thought

Maximillian Robespierre

leading person during the Reign of Terror who went on a killing spree

Martyrs of Compiegne

sacrificed themselves 10 days before the Reign of Terror ended

Napoleon

assumed power in 1799 and imprisoned P. Pius VI; took Papal States then was excommunicated

Pope Pius VII

excommunicated Napoleon and then was imprisoned by him

Charles V

Martin Luther was ordered to appear in front of him; HRE

Pope Pius IX

longest lasting pope for 32yrs and called the Vatican I council

95 Thesis

the complaints Martin Luther had about the church that he nailed to the door of the Church of Wittenburg

Augsburg Confession

Lutheranism was born here

predestination

the belief that everything that happens has already been determined by God

sola gratia

grace alone

sola fide

faith alone

sola scriptura

scripture alone

Baroque

dramatic style in art, architecture, and music -tried to appeal to all human senses

rationalism

A philosophy of the Enlightenment that taught that only human reason, separated from religious belief, can bring people into the light of knowledge.

enlightenment

the time period where people used more reason than religion to understand things; implies there was darkness before

Deism

believed God exists and made the world but left or doesn't care (a watchmaker)

Reign of Terror

very bloody time during the French Revolution where Max Robespierre went on killing spree

Exsurge Domine

papa bull sent to Martin Luther (written by Pope Leo X) where SOME OF Luther’s ideas were criticized and Luther was excommunicated; Luther burned

geocentric

earth center of universe; everything orbits it

heliocentric

sun in center of universe; everything else orbits it

liberalist

opposed aristocratic rule; wanted more rights and democracy; wanted to minimize Church control over things like education, marriage...liberal thoughts are often atheistic and human-centered

Kulturkampf

in Germany where under Otto von Bismarck lead massive persecution against the Church

modernism

belief Church should get w/ times - truth can’t change; Church can’t change fund. beliefs

Immaculate Conception

Mary was conceived in St. Anne without sin

Socialism

economic sys. in which society needs out weighs ind. needs - ind. cannot thrive under here

Liberal Capitalism

unstrained search for profit at expense for ind