LA flashcards Unit 1

Holophrastic Stage

When you begin to use one word sentences

Telegraphic stage

Speaking with sentences but dropping unnecessary words

Natural language acquisition

Learning from the language spoken around you. You used sounds, grunts, etc.

Overgeneralisations

Not conjugating words correctly or following one pattern

Second language acquisition

Learning a new language however, your native language actively competes with it.

Regional dialects

Variety of a language spoken in a specific place

Dialects

Regional/Social variety of a language

Idiom

Fixed phrase i.e. “He flew the coop”

Ethnic Dialects (Ethnolects)

Language variety mixing ethnic traits with the current language

Social dialects

Way of speaking linked to a group of people i.e. gamers or online communities

Jargon

Specialized vocab for a certain tech group etc.

Standard English

Regulated and common version of english

Usage

Agreed upon ways for using a language

Conventions

Established marks for starts, stops, etc. or basically punctuation

Spelling

A common way of writing words

As a baby you went through stages of

Natural language acquisition

In the _ stage you used two-three word sentences

Telegraphic

In the _ you used one word sentences

Holophrastic

Sometimes you applied a single rule everywhere in a sentence which is called

Overgeneralisations

A person learning a new language goes through a process called

Second language acquisition

Three major regional dialects in the US

New England, Southern, General American

Three types of dialects many people speak

Regional, Ethnic, Social

Which regional dialect is closest to standard english

General american

How do dialects differ

Vocab, Pronunciation, Idioms

African American, Chicano, and Cajun English are examples of what

Ethnic dialogues

Teenagers use their own language with each other called

Social dialects

_informal language used by members of a social group

Slang

_technical vocab used in particular professions

Jargon

Agreed on ways to use language in different situations

Usage

Common way of defining and using words

Vocabulary

Common ways of clearly expressing sentences

Grammar

Common way of speaking and reading words

Pronounciation

Common way of writing words

Spelling

Capitalization and punctuation rules

Conventions

Standard English came naturally as a child

False

People who don’t use standard English are unintelligent

False

People who use standard English are seen as educated

True

You can learn standard English by being around it

True

Standard English was invented

True

A variety of nonstandard English spoken by members of regional, ethnic, or social group

Dialect

A tendency to apply a rule of grammar at all times

Overgeneralization

Technical language from the workplace

Jargon

English that follows set rules

Standard english

Language fixing

Attempts to slow or halt language change

Language purists

Believed language change was a result of language corruption

Grammarians

Scholars who set standards for how a language should be used

Wrote dictionary of the english language

Johnsons dictionary

Historical method

Establish context for how words are defined

Etymology

History of a word

Wrote American dictionary of the english language

Noah webster

Lexicography

The science of dictionary making

Descriptive

A record of the way in which language is actually used

Prescriptive

A record of scholars opinions on how a language should be used

Oxford english dictionary

The ultimate authority in the historical/descriptive tradition

Whose dictionary was an attempt to keep the language from decaying

Johnson

Whose dictionary set a standard for American english

Websters

Whose dictionary represented the language of an educated elite

Johnsons

Whose dictionary set a standard for British english

Johnsons

Whose dictionary was the first to make widespread use of etymology

Websters

Whose dictionary represented the language of a broad base of educated people

Websters

Whose dictionary was the first to use the historical method

Johnsons

Whose dictionary modeled patriotism and Christian conduct

Websters

Etymology

The history of a word beginning with the earliest language it can be traced

Usage (dictionary)

Descriptions of the status of a word, usually in abbreviated form (e.g. archaic)

Parts of speech

The function of a word in a sentence

Alternate forms

The word as it appears in other forms, commonly spelled

Definition

The accepted meaning of a word

Entry word

The word itself as it should be spelled

Synonyms

Words meaning the same, or nearly the same as the entry words

Respelling

The word as it should be pronounced (eg Spell * uh * Ing)

Earliest record use

A date marking the earliest known appearance of a word