MIDTERM master REVIEW-6400_Child Language Development Midterm Review

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts from the Child Language Development course, focusing on language development, theoretical perspectives, and practical applications.

Morpheme

The smallest unit of meaning in a language.

Free Morpheme

A morpheme that can stand alone as a word.

Bound Morpheme

A morpheme that cannot stand alone and must be attached to a free morpheme.

Derivational Morpheme

A bound morpheme that changes the meaning or grammatical category of a word.

Inflectional Morpheme

A bound morpheme that modifies a word to express different grammatical categories.

Language Modalities

The various forms and channels through which language is expressed, including spoken, written, and signed.

Code Switching

The practice of alternating between two or more languages or language varieties in communication.

Fast Mapping

The process by which children quickly learn new words by associating them with their meanings after limited exposure.

Motherese/Child Directed Speech

A way of speaking to infants characterized by exaggerated intonation, slower tempo, and higher pitch to facilitate language learning.

Academic English Register

A formal type of English used in academic writing and speech, characterized by specific vocabulary and structure.

Bilingualism

The ability to use two languages proficiently.

Parent Language Interaction Quality Features (Hart + Riley)

A set of five characteristics identified by Hart and Riley that enhance the quality of language interactions between parents and children.

Receptive Language Development

The ability to understand language.

Expressive Language Development

The ability to produce and use language effectively.

Stages of Vocalizations

Phases in early speech development where infants produce sounds that lead to speech.

Speech Perception Prosody

The rhythm, stress, and intonation patterns of speech that aid in understanding.

5 Domains of Language

1. Phonology: The study of sounds in language. ex-The different sounds in the words "cat" /kæt/ and "bat" /bæt/. The initial sound /k/ versus /b/ changes the word's meaning. 

2. Morphology: The structure of words and how they are formed (includes morphemes). ex-The word "unbreakable" can be broken down into the morphemes "un-", "break", and "-able." Each part contributes to the overall meaning. 

3. Syntax: The arrangement of words and phrases to create sentences. ex-The difference in meaning and correctness between the sentence "The dog chased the cat" and the ungrammatical "Chased the the dog cat". 

4. Semantics: The meaning of words and sentences. ex-Understanding that "The cat is on the mat" refers to the physical location of a cat. It's the meaning behind the words, not just the words themselves. 

5. Pragmatics: The use of language in social contexts. ex-Recognizing that "Can you pass the salt?" is not a question about ability, but a request. The same phrase would be inappropriate in certain professional or formal settings.