Chap 5: Opposition to Tsar's Rule and the Emergence of Revolutionary Ideas

A set of vocabulary flashcards created to review key concepts from the lecture on opposition to Cyrus rule in Russia, focusing on various political movements, ideologies, and historical developments.

Censorship

Restrictions on access to materials or information, often used to suppress dissent.

Intelligentsia

A social class of intellectuals, educators, and cultural leaders who influence society.

Nihilism

A philosophical belief that all values are baseless and that life is meaningless.

Anarchism

A political philosophy that advocates for self-governed institutions and opposes the state.

Westernisers

Individuals who believe Russia should adopt Western ideas and systems.

Slavophiles

Those who advocate for preserving Russian culture and traditions during modernization.

Zemstvo

Local government councils established in the 1860s in Russia for self-governance.

Radicalism

The beliefs or actions of individuals advocating for significant or revolutionary change.

Proletariat

The working class, especially those who do not own the means of production.

Bourgeoisie

The middle class, often associated with capitalist interests and ownership.

Populism

A political ideology that seeks to represent the interests of ordinary people against elites.

Socialism

An economic and political system advocating for collective or governmental ownership of production.

Famine of 1891-92

A major famine in Russia that highlighted government inadequacies and increased calls for reform.

Radical literature

Writings that promote progressive ideas and challenge traditional authorities.

Marxism

A political and economic theory developed by Karl Marx that advocates for class struggle and a socialist society.

The Communist Manifesto

A political manuscript by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels outlining the principles of communism.

Das Kapital

A foundational theoretical text in communist philosophy, economics, and politics by Karl Marx.

Tchaikovsky Circle

A literary society in Russia that supported radical literature and social change.

Land and Liberty

A revolutionary organization in Russia that aimed to return land to the peasants.

Black Repartition

A faction of the Land and Liberty organization that sought to redistribute land among peasants.

Emancipation of Labor

A Marxist group founded by Plekhanov and others to promote Marxist ideas in Russia.

Political assassinations

The targeted killing of political figures to instigate change or express dissent.

Turgenev vs. Tolstoy

Literary figures representing opposing ideological camps; Turgenev as a Westernizer and Tolstoy as a Slavophile.

Counter-reform

Measures taken to reverse or resist reforms that have been made in society or governance.

Social Democratic Labor Party

A political party founded in 1898 in Russia that embodied Marxist ideology.

Marxist discussion circles

Groups that explored and spread Marxist ideas among workers and intellectuals.

Alexander the third

The Tsar of Russia (1881-1894) who implemented conservative policies in response to liberal reforms.

Autocracy

A political system in which one person holds absolute power.

Radical opposition

Groups or individuals advocating for significant political change often through revolutionary means.

Cultural heritage

The legacy of cultural traditions, values, and practices inherited from past generations.

Liberalism

A political ideology emphasizing individual rights, civil liberties, and government accountability.

Duma

An elected national legislature in Russia, established after the 1905 Revolution.