SHS: Lab Four-Five

Spirometry, chest wall surface tracking, and manometry

Ways to measure and analyze breathing?

Spirometry

Measures lung volume

Manometry

Measures lung pressure

Residual volume

Spirometry measures all subdivisions of lung volume except…?

Minute ventilation

Spirometry measures various lung volumes and lung capacities, but can also measure…?

Volume of air inspired (or expired) over a minute

What is minute ventilation…?

Respiratory inductance plethysmographs and respiratory magnetometers

Consist of rib cage wall and abdominal wall attachments

Lung volume and chest wall shape

Signals generated by chest wall surface movements can be used to measure…?

Pneumotachometer

What can help detect pulmonary and chest wall diseases…?

Peak of oral pressure

What is a good estimate of alveolar pressure during a voiceless stop plosive production…?

Endoscopy, electroglottography, and aeromechanical observations

Ways to measure and analyze laryngeal function…?

Contrast rigid endoscopy

Position: Oral cavity

Location: Oropharynx

Image: Bigger image and overall excellent image pf larynx due to bigger image

Production: Only “E” sound

Flexible endoscopy

Position: Nasal cavity

Location: Pharynx

Image: Lower image quality

Production: Running speech production

*Bypasses gag reflex*

Stroboscopy

Gives the optical illusion of slowing vocal fold vibration for individual cycles appears to be seen with the naked eye using a flashing light

Vocal fold adduction, abduction, amplitude of vibration, and glottal shape

Analysis of endoscopic images rathe the extent of…?

Electroglottography

A test that measures the degree the vocal cords open or close when patients make a sound.

Neck

Electrodes are placed on the _____ on each side of the larynx for an electroglottography

Airflow, laryngeal airway resistance, and phonation threshold pressure

Observations made during aeromechanical analysis…?

Phonation Threshold Pressure

The lowest oral pressure produced whole speaking as quietly as possible (without whispering)

The lower the phonation threshold pressure (They represent the health of the vocal folds)

The healthier the vocal folds…?

Nasendoscopy, aeromechanical observations, x-ray imaging, and magnetic resonance

Ways to measure and analyze velopharyngeal-nasal function

Open; The same observation is true if nasal air pressure if positive during speech production

When measuring nasal airflow, if airflow is observed during speech production, it means the that the velopharynx is…?

Structural and functional imaging, articulatory tracking, aeromechanical observations

Types and ways to measure and analyze oral function...?

Acoustics

The science that deals with the production, control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound

Speech acoustics

The analysis and description of speech in terms of its physical properties

Frequency, intensity, and duration

Physical properties of speech acoustics…?

Sound wave

The propagation of a pressure wave though a medium

Water, steel, and air

Name media that conduct sound waves..?

Sound-conducting

The medium used for speech

Elasticity and mass

What characteristics do sound-conducting media share?

Elasticity

Opposition of displacement

Mass

Has inertia; How things move

Simple harmonic motion

The result of vibratory motions

Stiffness, mass, and resistance (Parameters: Frequency, amplitude, and phase)

What are the vibratory motions that cause simple harmonic motion…?

Wavelength

The distribution of pressure across space, in a plane wave, for one full vibration

Decreases

As frequency increase, the wavelength…?

Periodic complex acoustic events

Simple movements; has fundamental frequency (FO or first harmonic)

Aperiodic complex acoustic events

Irregular frequency

shorter/longer and higher/lower

Regarding tube resonators, ___________________ the tube, the _____________ the resonant frequencies…?