7.8 Mass Atrocities & 7.9 Causation in Global Conflict

What did Adolf Hitler use to justify his mass killing of Jews?

He referred to the Armenian annihilation.

What is Armistice Day?

On November 11, 1918, Germany surrendered as the Allies advanced towards the Central Powers.

How many soldiers died in the war?

8-9 million died, 21 million wounded.

How many civilians died in the war?

6-13 million.

How many Armenians were killed in Turkey by the Ottoman Government?

600,000 - 1.5 million were killed.

Define Genocide.

The attempted killing of a group of people based on their race, religion, or ethnicity.

Why did the Ottoman Empire target the Armenians during WWI?

They believed that the Armenians were cooperating with the Russian army (Ottoman Enemy).

What did the Ottoman Empire do to the Armenians and how did many of them die?

They deported Armenians into camps in Syria, where they would die from starvation, disease, or exposure to elements.

Does the Turkish government believe this was genocide?

No, they believe it was a result of the war, ethnic conflicts, and disease.

What caused the flu to spread rapidly in 1918?

Soldiers returning home from war had contact with their loved ones, spreading the flu.

How many died from the flu?

It killed 20 million people in Europe, the U.S., and other parts of the world.

What is the 'Lost Generation'?

A term used to describe American expatriate writers living in Paris after the war.

What caused the famines in Ukraine?

Peasants resisted Stalin’s collectivization; they hid or destroyed crops and killed livestock.

Why did industry grow despite the famines?

The government fed industrial workers the crops or used them in the industry.

How many died in WWII?

Around 40-150 million, half possibly from the Soviet Union.

What were U.S. casualty numbers in WWII?

290,000 U.S. soldiers were killed, 600k were wounded.

What kind of policies did Heinrich Himmler oversee?

Germany forcefully removed Slavic people and one million Poles and Roma in pursuit of territory.

What groups of people did the Nazis send to the camps?

Political opponents, disabled individuals, gay people, and the largest group being the Jews.

What did the Nuremberg Laws say?

Banned Jews from certain professions and schools.

What was the Nazi 'Final Solution'?

To kill all of the Jews in Europe.

How many were killed in the camps?

6 million Jewish people, and 5 million non-Jewish people.

What was the result of the 'Asia for Asiatics' program by Japan?

Forced the conquered people into labor programs.

Where did people have to complete forced labor?

In the military, public works projects, and farms.

What did men do to women in Korea, Japan, and China?

They forced them to become 'comfort women,' which are prostitutes.

Where did the US use firebombing and how many people did it kill?

In German cities like Hamburg and Dresden, causing large casualties.

What were some effects of the first use of the atomic bomb?

It brought fear about future war destruction with nuclear missiles and caused high casualties.

What did the mix of religious groups in Yugoslavia cause?

It drove the Genocide.

What defined citizenship in Slovenia, Croatia, and Montenegro after independence?

Based on ethnic background and religion.

Who did Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo target during ethnic cleansing?

Muslims from Bosnia and Kosovo.

How many died in this region during the conflict?

300,000.

Define Balkanization.

Disintegration into separate states.

Which ethnic group was the minority in Rwanda?

Tutsis.

Which was the majority in Rwanda?

Hutus.

Who was favored by the Belgian colonizers in Rwanda?

Tutsis were treated better than Hutus.

Who won control of an independent Rwandan government?

The Hutu won control.

How did the Hutus treat the Tutsi?

They discriminated against the Tutsi.

What 'lit the flames of genocide' in Rwanda?

The assassination of Rwanda’s Hutu president.

How many civilians were killed in the three months following the genocide beginning?

500,000 to over 1 million.

How did the UN react to the genocide in Rwanda?

Failed to use force to restore order, showing a lack of leadership.

Who controlled the government of Sudan in 2003?

Arab Muslims.

Who were the Janjaweed?

Government Arab militants released due to rebellion from non-Arab groups.

How many were killed and displaced in Darfur?

More than 200,000 killed, and over 100 million displaced.

What illustrated the failure of the international community regarding human rights?

The neglect towards the loss of millions of lives after the Holocaust.