Foundations of Bio - Lecture 7: Cell Processes

Differential centrifugation separates cell organelles by ________

density

The nucleus is the [least/most] dense, therefore it will have the [slowest/fastest] relative centrifuge speed.

most ; slowest

The ribosome is the [least/most] dense, therefore it will have the [slowest/fastest] relative centrifuge speed.

least ; fastest

Protein function depends on the _____ of a protein as it binds/unbinds to other molecules.

shape

What do proteins and hormones do in the nucleus?

determine which regions of DNA are used

Nuclear Localizing Signal (NLS)

specific series of amino acids required for nucleus entry

Nuclear Exit Signal (NES)

a different specific series of amino acids required for nucleus exit

Special proteins bind to the _____ sequence and carry the protein through the nuclear pore complex

NLS

Where proteins are made depends on _________________

where they function

Cytosolic ribosomes are made/function in which locations?

cytosol, chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, nucleus

RER ribosomes are made/function in which locations?

outside of cell, cells surface, cell membrane, lysosomes, back to ER

ER signal sequence

specific series of amino acids that a shuttle binds to and brings to RER

All locations in a cell have a specific ______ made of a series of _______

tag ; amino acids

Vesicles are created by “________” plasma membrane

pinching off

What are the ways that vesicles transport across a membrane?

endocytosis, exocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis

Endocytosis

receptors with signal, molecules brought into cytoplasm

Exocytosis

molecules sent to extracellular space, membrane-associated proteins distributed to plasma membranes

Phagocytosis

engulfs large particles or entire cells (disassembled by lysosome)

Pinocytosis

small dissolved substances or fluids

Pathways to the lysosome include ___________, _________, and _________

Receptor mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis, autophagy

Receptor mediated endocytosis

molecules brought in from extracellular space by binding to receptors proteins in the cell membrane

Autophagy

worn out organelles destroyed in lysosome

Myosin motor proteins pull on _______

actin

Kinesin and dynein motor proteins move on _________

microtubules

Motor proteins also move on _______ and ________

cilia ; flagella

Binding partner of motor proteins creates movement by rearranging ______

bonds