Computer Science and Computer Applications Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about computer science and applications.

Virus

A piece of code that can copy itself and have a detrimental effect, such as corrupting a system or destroying data.

Antivirus

A program designed to detect and remove viruses and other malicious software.

Malicious software (Malware)

Code that can harm computers and laptops, and the data on them.

Network

A group of interconnected computers, servers, or devices that share resources and data.

LAN (Local Area Network)

Small area (e.g., home, office, school)

Purpose of LAN

Connects devices within a small physical location.

WAN (Wide Area Network)

Large geographical area (cities, countries, continents)

Purpose of WAN

Connects multiple LANs through routers and public networks like the internet.

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

Creates a secure, encrypted connection over a public network.

SAN (Storage Area Network)

Dedicated network for data storage resources.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol; a set of rules used to send and receive data over the internet or a network.

IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)

A unique number assigned to each device on a network.

Router

A device that connects multiple networks and directs data between them.

Main Job of a Router

Decides the best path for data to travel across networks.

How a Router Connects

It connects your home or office network to your ISP (Internet Service Provider).

DHCP (via Router)

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; gives a unique local IP address to each device on the network.

NAT (Network Address Translation)

It lets multiple devices share a single public IP address.

Switch

A network device that connects multiple devices within a LAN and allows them to communicate efficiently.

Access switch

Connect the end devices (computers - printers)

Edge Switch

Connect 2 LAN networks together

Distributor switch

A high-capacity network switch used in larger networks.

Core switch

The central backbone of a large network.

Web Server

Hosts websites.

File Server

Stores and shares files on a network.

Database Server

Manages databases.

Email Server

Sends and receives emails.

Application Server

Runs business apps over a network.

DNS Server

Translates domain names to IP addresses.

FTP Server

Handles file transfers.

PowerPoint

A presentation-based program that uses graphics, videos, etc., to make a presentation more interactive and interesting.

Transition in powerpoint

Determine the animation of appearing of the slide between slides

Animation in powerpoint

Determine the animation of elements in the slide

Database

An organized collection of structured information/data stored electronically.

Relational databases

The name comes from the way that data is stored in multiple, related tables.

NoSQL databases

A broad category that includes any database that doesn’t use SQL as its primary data access language.

Cloud databases

Any database that’s designed to run in the cloud.

Hierarchical databases

Use a parent-child model to store data.

Document databases

Use documents to model data instead of rows and columns

Microsoft Access

Software to create and manage a relational database

Primary key

A field or set of fields with values that are unique throughout a table

Relationships types in tables

Relationships types : One to one , One to many , Many to many

Query

A syntax to retrieve all data or certain data from one or more tables according to conditions.

Crosstab Query

A special type of query that summarizes data in a compact, matrix-style format.

Find duplicates

Is used to identify records in a table that have duplicate values in one or more specified fields.

Find unmatched

Is used to find records in one table that don’t have corresponding records in another table.

Report

Retrieving data from table or query in designed printout.

Tables relationships

Define how data in one table connects to data in another.

Function Library of Excel

Per code syntax to do a certain task

Programming language

A formal system used by humans to communicate with computers.

Compiler

A program that translates high-level programming code into machine code all at once.

Interpreter

A program that translates high-level programming code line-by-line

Functions

A block of code that performs a specific task.

SUM Excel Function

Adds a range of numbers.

AVERAGE Excel Function

Returns the average of a set of numbers.

MIN Excel Function

Returns the smallest value in a set of numbers.

MAX Excel Function

Returns the largest value in a set of numbers.

ROUND Excel Function

Rounds a number to a specified number of digits.

IF Excel Function

Performs a logical test and returns one value if true and another if false.

AND Excel Function

Returns TRUE if all conditions are true.

OR Excel Function

Returns TRUE if at least one condition is true.

COUNT Excel Function

Counts the number of numeric entries in a range.

COUNTA Excel Function

Counts the number of non-empty cells in a range.

COUNTIF Excel Function

Counts the number of cells that meet a specific condition.

SUMIF Excel Function

Adds the numbers in a range that meet a specific condition.

Application

type of computer program that performs a specific personal, educational, and business function

IOT Internet of things

a network of physical objects or devices that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.

Information Technology

A broad term that involves the use of technology to communicate, transfer data and process information.

Embedded systems

A combination of computer hardware and software designed for a specific function.

Artificial inelegant

field of science concerned with building computers and machines that can reason, learn, and act in such a way that would normally require human intelligence or that involves data whose scale exceeds what humans can analyze.

Big Data

refers to data that is so large, fast or complex that it's difficult or impossible to process using traditional methods.

operating systems

an operating system is like a bridge between your computer's hardware and the programs you use

the main job for routers

Routes Data Packets

It decides the best path for data to travel across networks. Think of it like GPS for your internet data.

Connects Devices to the Internet

It connects your home or office network to your ISP (Internet Service Provider).

Assigns IP Addresses (via DHCP) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

It gives a unique local IP address to each device on your network (like phones, laptops, etc.).

Firewall/Security

Many routers have built-in firewalls that block suspicious traffic and help protect your devices.

NAT (Network Address Translation)

It lets multiple devices share a single public IP address — essential for home networks.