Unit 6 Test Review

what phase is this?

prophase (mitosis)

what phase is this?

metaphase (mitosis)

what phase is this?

anaphase (mitosis)

what phase is this?

telophase (mitosis)

what phase is this?

interphase (mitosis)

what phase is this?

interphase (meiosis)

what phase is this?

prophase 1 (meiosis)

what phase is this?

metaphase 1 (meiosis)

what phase is this?

anaphase 1 (meiosis)

what phase is this?

telophase 1 and cytokinesis (meiosis)

what is a chromosome? what is its purpose in the cell?

A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. The purpose in the cell is to carry DNA from cell to cell.

what is 1?

homologous chromosomes

what is 2?

centromere

what is 3?

sister chromatid

what us a chromatin?

a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells of humans and other higher organisms

Are chromosomes always visible in a cell?

No they form during prophase.

What is a homologous pair of chromosomes? What is similar between them, and what is different.

They are same set of DNA instructions. They are same sets but different version.

What are sister chromatids? Are they identical only similar?

They are copied of DNA from a mom or dad. They are only identical.

What are autosomal chromosomes? What are sex chromosomes? How many pairs of each do humans have?

Autosomal chromosomes are chromosomes that determine characterisitic that do not reltate to sex traits. Sex choromosomes do the same BUT they relate to sex traits. Human have 23 pairs.

What is a haploid cell? What is a diploid cell? Which is represented by n? Which is represented by 2n? What are examples of each in the body.

Diploid cells contain 2 complete sets of chromosomes. Haploid cells contain a single set of unpaired chromosomes. Diploid cells = 2n and Haploid cells = n.

Diploix cell ex. Skin cells
Haploid cell ex. Sperm/eggs

What is the purpose of Mitosis?

Mitosis is the cell duplication of a diploid cell identical to original cell.

What are the two major stages of the cell cycle?

Interphase and Mitosis

What are the stages of interphase? What is the purpose of each stage?

G1 = growth
S = DNA replication “synthesis”
G2 = Growth

What are the stages of Mitosis? Describe what happens in each

Prophase - chromosome condense

Metaphase - chromosomes line up at midline

Anaphase - sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of ther cell

Telophase - Nuclear envelope reforms, cytokinesis

What is cytokineses? How does it differ between plant and animal cells?

Division of the cytoplasm. Plant cells have the cell plate, and animals have cleavage furrow.

How many daughter cells does mitosis produce? Are they diploid or haploid?

2 daughter cells and they’re diploid

If a cell has 4 chromosomes during metaphase, what is its n value?

The n value is 2

What is the purpose of meiosis?

The purpose is to create haploid cells from diploid cells?

Know the stages of Meiosis and describe what happens in each.

What is crossover and when does it occur?

Crosss over is the echange of genetic material between homologus chromosomes. This occurs during Prophase 1.

How many daughter cells are produces in meiosis? Are they diploid or haploid?

4 habloid cells

What are two types of genes that regulate cell division? What is their normal function?

Proto-oncogenes: To make proteins

Tumpor suppressor genes: To tell cells when they should slow down growth

How can errors in cell regulation lead to cancer?

If they get mutated.