the palatine bones

function of the palate

to separate the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

where are the palatine bones located

• posterior of hard palate

• lateral wall of nasal cavity

• posterior floor of the orbit

• medial wall of pterygopalatine fossa

what are the articulations of the palatine bones

• maxilla

• ethmoid

• sphenoid

• vomer

• inferior turbinate bone

what is the bony framework of hard palate comprising anterior 2/3 of roof of mouth

• right and left palatal processes of maxilla

• 2 horizontal plates of the palatine bone

horizontal plate

• posterior 1/3 of hard palate

what is the angle between the horizontal and vertical plates

medial side of greater palatine foramen

how is the pre maxilla bony part of the hard palate formed during embryonic life

from the median nasal processes which fuse with the palatal process of the maxilla at the premaxillary suture

tuberosity

• filled by pterygoid plate

• behind palatine foramen

• occupies notch between palatine plates

• completes pterygoid fossa

vertical plate

• lateral wall of nasal cavity

• anteriorly overlaps back of nasal wall of maxilla

• partially covers maxillary antrum

• articulates posteriorly with medial pterygoid plate

palatine canal

from pterygopalatine fossa to palatine foramen profit

orbital process articulations

• posterior floor of orbit

• articulates with maxilla, ethmoid and sphenoid

median palatine suture

posterior nasal spine down full length of palate to central incisors

transverse palatine suture

palatine bones join the palatal processes of maxilla

3 foramina foind in hard palate

• incisive foramen

• greater palatine foraminae

• lesser palatine foraminae

where is the incisive foramen

immediately behind central incisors

where do the greater formainae lie

anteriorly to the tubercle of palatine bone

where do the lesser palatine foraminae lie

posteriorly to the tubercle of the palatine bone

3 main soft tissues features of the hard palate

• incisive papilla

• rugae

• palatine raphe

incisive papilla

oval prominence found immediately behind central incisors which covers the opening of the incisive foramen

rugae

irregular branching ridges of dense connective tissue radiating from the incisive papilla and anterior palatine raphe

palatine raphe

• flat layer of tissue covering midline suture

why is it called masticatory mucosa

the mucous membrane covering hard palate is highly keratinised to withstand friction.

what is the mucoperiosteum

• on peripheral of hard palate

• mucous membrane and connective tissue attached to periosteum of bone directly with no submucosal layer

• at the midline of palate covering entire length of palatine raphe

what is the mucous membrane behind the incisors and canines like

very thick connective tissue attached firmly to underlying bone which is highly keratinised

the submucosal layer on either side of the palate

• between palatine raphe and gingival mucosa

• fat containing layer more so anteriorly

• posteriorly more glandular

where does the greater palatine artery leave

• posteriorly

• leaves greater palatine foramen

• travels forwards within submucosal layer

where does the sphenopalatine artery leave

• anteriorly

• leaves incisive foramen

• supplies the anterior palatal gingivae

where does the greater palatine nerve leave

• posteriorly

• leaves greater palatine foramen

• travels forwards within mucoperiosteum

where does the sphenopalatine nerve leave

• anteriorly

• leaves incisive foramen

• supplies the anterior palatal gingivae