Investigations in Medicine Principles

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Flashcards for Principles of Medicine lecture review.

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46 Terms

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Careful history

The 'distinguishing characteristics' of a master clinician involve taking one of these and performing a thorough physical examination.

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Differential diagnosis

A list of top possibilities reached after elucidating signs and symptoms.

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Working diagnosis

The most likely choice from a differential diagnosis list that hasn't been confirmed.

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Refute

Investigations serve to either confirm or do this to a diagnosis.

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Peak flow meter

A respiratory medicine investigation that provides information about how open airways are.

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Flow-volume loops

A respiratory medicine investigation type that can aid in the diagnosis and localization of airway obstruction.

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Blood gas analysis

A respiratory medicine investigation that provides a precise measurement of O2 and CO2 levels, as well as PH balance.

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Bronchoscopy

Respiratory medicine investigation used to obtain samples of mucus or tissue, or to remove foreign bodies from the airways.

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Spirometry

Respiratory medicine investigation that helps diagnose obstructive and restrictive lung diseases.

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Sweat test

A respiratory medicine investigation used to diagnose cystic fibrosis (CF).

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Percutaneous needle biopsy

A respiratory medicine investigation involving a needle biopsy of the pleura and lung/bronchial masses.

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ECG (including ECG monitoring)

Cardiology investigation used to diagnose ischemia and arrhythmias.

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Exercise testing

Cardiology investigation that allows an accurate quantification of functional capacity/measure of exercise tolerance.

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Troponin I

A cardiology blood test that if negative, doesn't absolutely exclude a cardiac cause for symptoms.

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Echocardiography

A cardiac imaging technique used to diagnose heart failure, valve problems, and cardiomyopathies.

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Cardiac MRI

A cardiac imaging technique used to detect or monitor cardiac diseases related to heart chambers and valves.

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Nuclear cardiology (myocardial perfusion imaging)

A cardiac imaging technique that is a very accurate test for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD) early.

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Cardiac catheterization

A diagnostic or therapeutic cardiology procedure (PCI).

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Abdominal X-ray

A gastroenterology investigation used to diagnose intestinal obstruction, renal and urinary bladder stones, and viscus perforations.

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Upper GI Endoscopy (OGD)

A gastroenterology investigation used to evaluate symptoms of persistent upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, difficulty swallowing or heartburn and diagnose Coeliac disease, GORD, H pylori, Ulcers, Cancers.

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Barium Swallow

Gastroenterology investigation used to diagnose cancers and motility disorders.

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Sigmoidoscopy and Colonoscopy

Gastroenterology investigation used to diagnose polyps, tumours, ulcers, and IBD.

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Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)

Gastroenterology investigation used to detect and stage pancreatic cancers, IBD, and pancreatitis.

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CT Scan of the Abdomen

Gastroenterology investigation used to diagnose disease, trauma or abnormality and monitor the effectiveness of therapy.

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Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

Gastroenterology investigation used to examine diseases of the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas and pancreatic duct and evaluate patients with pancreatitis to detect the underlying cause.

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Laparoscopy

A gastroenterology investigation that can be diagnostic or therapeutic and results in decreased postoperative pain and earlier return to normal activities.

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Lumbar puncture

Neurology investigation used to diagnose or exclude meningitis and diagnose idiopathic intracranial hypertension

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CT scan and MRI

Neuroimaging techniques used to diagnose ischemia, bleeding, and tumors.

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Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Neurology investigation used for the diagnosis of seizures and epilepsy.

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Nerve conduction studies (NCS)

Neurology investigation that aids in the diagnosis of Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

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Evoked potential studies

Neurology investigation that aids in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS).

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Ultrasound imaging or sonography

Another name for Ultrasonography.

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Ultrasonography (US)

An imaging modality that utilizes reflected pulses of high-frequency sound waves to assess soft tissues.

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Consultative ultrasonography

Type of Ultrasonography usually performed in a radiology suite using large and expensive machines and is done for hemodynamically stable patients.

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Critical care ultrasonography (CCUS)

The use of U/S in patients who are critically ill.

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Thoracic U/S (TUS)

Used to evaluate patients with dyspnea due to acute cardiopulmonary respiratory failure.

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Pneumothorax and Pleural effusion

A thoracic U/S assess the presence or absence of these two conditions.

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Standard CXR

Thoracic U/S may be superior to this for detection of pneumothorax.

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Thoracentesis and pleural access

Thoracic U/S helps in guidance of these two procedures.

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Abdominopelvic Ultrasonography

Detection of bladder distension is a use of this type of Ultrasonography.

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Vascular Ultrasonography

Detection of DVT is a use of this type of Ultrasonography.

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Gynecologist Ultrasound examination

Evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding is a use of this type of Ultrasonography.

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Obstetric Ultrasound examination

Confirmation of the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy is a use of this type of Ultrasonography.

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Ultrasound imaging in Rheumatology

Assessment of Bone erosions in RA is a use of this type of Ultrasonography.

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Perioperative uses of Ultrasound

Assessment of anatomy that may cause difficulties with laryngoscopy is a use of this type of Ultrasonography.

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Ultrasonography usage in thyroid diseases

Evaluation of anatomic features of thyroid nodules is a use of this type of Ultrasonography.