Test 3 (thank god its alm done)

Impressionism

• Late 19C french painters concerned with effects of light colour and atmosphere inspired composers

• Composers experimented with tone colours and creation of atmosphere/mood

• Experimenting with musical forms, harmonies, and “blurred” rhythms

• Example: debussy is a composer inspired by impressionism

Nationalism

• Chopin, liszt, stravinsky

Primitivism

• Insistent rhythms and percussive sounds

• Born from Fascination with non-western people

• Stravinsky

Serialism

• 12-tone music - entire composition in 12 notes of the chromatic scale ordered into series of rows or sets

• All 12 MUST have sounded once before they can be repeated

• Atonal

• Schoenberg

Expressionism

• Musical style depicting INNER STATE

• Usually harsh, DISTURBED, ATONAL

• Schoenberg

Neo-classicism

• Inspired by old forms and styles

• Composers used modern harmonies and scoring to make new music sound more familiar

• Adopted by Stravinsky

Post-Minimalism

• Adams

Gesamtkuntswerk

Complete art work (combination of libretto, set, costumes, acousitcs, etc) + orchestra hidden in pit (with no clapping allowed)

Tone poem

Soundscape

Etude

Music written for practice or study, to hone the player's abilities (technicality)

Art song & Song Cycle

Art song:

Song cycle:

Chopin -

Full name

Title of piece

Period

Frederic Chopin

“Black keys” etude for piano

Rom

Liszt-

Full name

Title of piece

Period

Franz liszt

“la campanella” etude for piano

Rom

Berlioz-

Full name

Title of piece

Period

Hector berlioz

Mov.4 “march to the scaffold” from “Symphonie fantastique”

Rom

Debussy-

Full name

Title of piece

Period

Claude Debussy

Prelude to the afternoon of a faun

Rom/M (THE ONLY PIECE WITH BOTH)

Stravinsky-

Full name

Title of piece

Period

Igor Stravinsky

the rite of spring

M

Schoenberg-

Full name

Title of piece

Period

Arnold Schoenberg

“Moondrunk” from Pierrot Lunaire

M

Price-

Full name

Title of piece

Period

Florence Price

Songs to a Dark Virgin

M

Schafer-

Full name

Title of piece

Period

R. Murray Schafer

Miniwanka

M

Adams-

Full name

Title of piece

Period

John Adams

Short Ride in a Fast Machine

M

Balfour-

Full name

Title of piece

Period

Andrew Balfour

Mamachimowin

M

Plot of Wagner’s “Parsifal - prelude to Act 1”

13c germany, parsifal goes on a quest to save knights of the holy grail

-by returning the holy spear, healing the king, and carrying out the sacred ceremony of uncovering the holy grail

Plot of Verdi's “Otello - opening of act 1”

13c cyrpus, officer Iago makes his commander otello believe that otello's wife Desdemona is unfaithful. He gets jealous and kills his own wife

How are the plots of parsifal and otello similar, yet different?

Leitmotif

Libretto

Country Verdi and Wagner are from/born

+ what year were they born?

Verdi - italy

Wagner - german

Both born in 1813

Musical period both verdi and wagner wer active in

Romantic period

Wagner and Verdi's target audiences

Wagner - upper class

Verdi - the masses

Wagner and Verdi's preferred librettos

Both fixed on high-quality librettos focusing on human drama, but wagner wrote his own and verdi did not

How are wagners leitmotifs and verdi's signature tunes similar yet different?

Leitmotifs are short signature tunes that change throughout, and verdi's signature tunes are longer and have less change

Otello vs Parsifal in terms of music?

Ws Parsifal - no recitatives and an emphasis on (chromatic) HARMONY

Vs Otello - uses recitatives and an emphasis on MELODY