four major organic molecules 2.4 four major organic molecules

Carbohydrates

Composition:

• C + H + O

Functions:

• Energy source

• Structure

• Bulk/fiber for elimination

Monosaccharides

Single/simple sugars

Ex. glucose Fructose

Disaccharides

Two monosaccharides joined

Ex. Sucrose

• Polysaccharides

Long chains of monosaccharides

Ex.

Glycogen

Starch

Cellulose

Lipids

Mostly: C + H +O, Insoluble in water

Functions:

• Energy storage

• Protection

• Installation

Triglycerides

Glycerol +3 fatty acids

Functions:

• Energy storage

• Installation

• Protective organs

Phospholipids

Contains phosphorus

Major component of cell membranes

Steroids

Contain four carbon ring structures

Ex.

• Cholesterol

• Estrogen

• Progesterone

• Testosterone

Proteins

Contain: C + H + O + N

amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Functions:

• Regulation

• Transport

• Protection

• Structure

• Energy

Protein structure

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Primary

Amino acid sequence

Secondary

Hydrogen bonding procedures helices/folded sheets

Tertiary

Overall folding; determines shape of domain/function

Quaternary

Association two are more protein subunits

Nucleic acids

Contains C + H + O + N + P

Ex.

• DNA

• RNA

Nucleotides

Contains:

• Five carbon sugar

• Nitrogenous Base

• Phosphate