Chapter 14 Pt1

Pathogen

disease causing micoorganism

what is a human pathogen?

special properties that allow them to invade the body or produce toxins

what type of human pathogen is the colonziation that causes disease?

Infection

What type of human pathogen produces a toxin adn the toxin causes disease?

Intoxication

What is the definition of disease?

the ability of a pathogen to overcome your body's defences

what is disease state?

abnormal state in which part of or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is incapable of prerforming normal functions

What is the invasion and growth of a pathogens in the body called?

Infection

What is the organism that shelters and supports the growth of the pathogen called?

Host

What is pathology?

study of disease

Etiology

cause of disease

Pathogenesis

deveiopment of disease

What is normal microbiota?

Microorganisms that establish permanent colonies inside of the body without producing disease (resident microbes)

examples of resident microbes

colonization in and on the surface of the body occurs soon after birth

-placenta microbiome

-vaginal delivery

Transient microbiota (visitiing microbes)

Microbes that are present and then they diesappear

Microbial anatagonism

prevent pathogens from causing infection through the process of competion exclusion

what is competition exclusion in microbial antagonism

there is only room for one of us

What is symbiosis

microbiota and host living together

what type of symbiosis is described as one organism benefiting and the other one is unaffected?

Commensalism

What type of symbiosis is described as both organisms benefiting

mutualism

what type of symbiosis is described as one orgnaism benefitting and the other is harmed (disease-state)

parasistic

what is opportunistic microorganims?

microorganisms that do not cause disease under normal conditions, but can cause disease unde special conditions

what example of an opportunist microorganism can effect the GI tract - normal; urinary tract - disease)

E. coli

Candida albicans (under normal conditions, no disease state; special conditions that liead tto overgrowth can lead to a disease state

what example of opportunistic microorganisms can under normal conditions, no disease state; special conditions that iead to overgrowth can lead to a disease state

Candida albicans

what example of opportunistic microorganisms can on skin- normal; undert hte skin (demal layer or below -disease?

skin bacteria

what is cooperation (associated with diesease state) -partners in crime

on microorganism makes it possible for another microorganisme to cause disease or produce severe symptoms

What is koch's postulates?

criteria that established that specific microbes cause specific disease (determines etiology)

What are the 4 reqirements of koch's postulates

1.The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease

2.the pathogen must be isolated in pure culture

3. the pathogen that was isolated must cause disease in a healthy, susceptible lab animal

What are the exception to Koch's postulates?

-viruses and some bacteria cannot be grown on artificial media(tissue culture, etc)

-some disesaes have unequivocal signs and symptoms (tetanus)

-some diseases may caused by a variety of microbes (pnemonia, nephritis, meningitis)

-some pathogens cause several different diseases (s. pyogenes)

-some pathogens cuase disease in humon only (HIV)

What is the difference between sign and symptom?

symptoms are subjective changes in the body function and signs are measurable changes

what is a diagnosis?

identification of the disease; pathogen

what is syndrome?

a specific group of symptoms and/or signs that always accompanies a specific disease

Waht is communicable disease?

transmitted directly or indirectly from one host to another

what is contagious disease?

able to spead easily and rapidly from one person to another

what is noncommunicable disease

diesaes is caused by microbe that normally grows outside of the human body; not able to be transmitted fromon host to another

how is occurance of disease reported?

by incednce oand prevalence in defined potpulation in a specified frequence of occurence

what is incidence

# of people contracting the disease

what is prevalence

# of people with the disease

wha is frequency of occurance?

-sporatic

-endemic (high prevelance)

-epidemic(high incidence)

-pandemic ( epidemic that spreads to mulitple geographical locations across the globe)

Waht is acute severity of disease?

high severity; short duration

what is chronic severity of disease?

lower serverity; longer duration

what is subacute severity of disease?

betwween acute and chronic

what is latent severity of disease?

present but dormant; but can reur

what is herd immunity

presence of immunity to a disease in most of the population

how is herd immunity accomplished?

through immuniztion

what is herd immunity dependent on?

immune response to the pathogen

Still learning (10)

You've begun learning these terms. Keep up the good work!