Studied by 2 people
What is resilience?
multiple definitions
overcoming negative effects of risk exposure, adapting or coping successfully with traumatic experiences, and avoiding negative trajectories associated with risk
is a process
Promotive and protective factors and processes (PPFPs)
positive impacts of PPFPs on resilience
resilience is facilitated by multiple PPFPs at systemic levels
an outcome and a process
can happen in different ways an contexts
promotive factors = more characteristics can exert more impact depending on other characteristics
challenges the way we think about resilience in a universal perspective/construct
Promotive factors
2 kinds:
assets
reside within the individual, such as competence, coping skills, and self-efficacy
resources
what’s available to the individual, accessibility
parental support, adult mentoring, or community organizations
Categories of resilience models
compensatory
protective
challenge
compensatory resilience model
where a resilience factor contracts a risk factor
has a direct effect on the outcome
one that is dependent of the effect of the risk factor
protective resilience model
assets or resources influence or reduce the effects of a risk on a negative outcome
protective factors may neutralize the effects of risks, weaken, but not completely remove them, or enhance positive effect of another promotive factor in producing an outcome
protective-stabilizing model
completely reduces the impact
no increase risk
get rid of the risk
with increasing risk, the amount of the negative outcome stays the same
protective-reactive model
the protective factor is decreasing the risk factor and negative outcome
doesn’t completely remove it, there is still a relationship
with increasing risk, even if the protective factor is present, there is still an increase of negative outcome
Challenge model
exposures to both low and high levels of a risk factor are associated with negative outcomes, but moderate levels of the risk are related to less negative outcomes
if you are exposed to moderate levels of risk, opportunity to overcome them
time limited period
low risks and high risks = negative outcome
inoculation model
through repeated exposure to low levels of a risk factor, individuals are able to overcome more significant risks
ongoing, developmental process, use resources when exposed to adversities
life period
resilience is content specific
individuals may be resilient when they are faced with one specific adversity but for a different risk they may not be able to overcome that kind of context
different assets and resources are needed
difficult to identify universal promoter factors that can help
resilience is culture and context specific
process of resilience may be different to different groups
resilience requires risk factors
there needs to be an exposure to a risk factor for there to be resilience
Not all stressors are the same
there can be acute stressors
may have immediate acute effects or long term effects
toxic stress
a little bit of stress → help to cultivate positive skills
too much stress → toxic stress, and can lead to negative impacts
type of events, timing, number of events, duration causes effects
biological
ex; malnutrition, infectious disease, and injury and disability
psychosocial
ex; witnessing violence, maltreatment, extreme poverty and stigmatization
there are physical and behavioural impacts:
physical
ex; somatic symptoms, headaches, asthma
behavioural
ex; early use of illicit drugs or alcohol
as well as long-term impacts and effects
physical
ex; skeletal fractures, cancer and CVD
behavioural
ex; suicide attempts or ideas & cannabis use
The social ecological model of risk and protection for children affected by armed conflict - individual
genetic predisposition
age
gender
faith
some factors that are protective: internal locus of control, empathy and community connection
The social ecological model of risk and protection for children affected by armed conflict - microsystem
child-family and child-school relationships
religious practices
supportive relationships and social ties
feelings of belonging
The social ecological model of risk and protection for children affected by armed conflict - mesosystem/exosystem
family-school relationship
neighbourhood, religious institutions
school-based intervention has important role
provides social support for children, new opportunities and provides support
The social ecological model of risk and protection for children affected by armed conflict - macrosystem
political, economic, religious, cultural contexts
political dynamics have played a role in creating conflict
locate them with larger context
Context of Afghanistan
methods
in 2006, school-based survey of 11-16 yr old students and their caregivers
findings
5% of adults and 10% of children cited no major worries in life
hope: cultural values → faith, family unity, service, effort, morals, honour
suffering: everyday adversity → economy, education, housing, relationships, health, governance
entrapment: structural impediments vs. social obligations, aspirations, cultural dictates
Everyday stressors and social suffering
poverty and broken economy
housing and homelessness
social relationships
ill health
governance and social justice
Note 
Flashcard (82)