Anthropology Subfields and Foundations

A set of practice questions covering the introduction, four subfields of anthropology, and the distinction between general and applied anthropology.

How did the subfields of anthropology initially emerge in Western society?

They emerged as an attempt to understand non-Western peoples encountered during European exploration and colonisation starting in the fifteenth century.

When did anthropology develop into the primary discipline for understanding non-Western societies and cultures?

By the nineteenth century.

What were the major questions sought by nineteenth-century anthropologists?

They dealt with the basic differences and similarities of human societies and cultures and the physical variation found in peoples throughout the world.

According to the American Anthropological Association (AAA), what are the two dimensions of anthropology?

Academic (general anthropology) and practicing (applied anthropology).

What are the four subfields or subdisciplines of general anthropology?

Cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, archaeology, and biological (physical) anthropology.

How does the text define Archaeology?

Studies past human life through material remains such as artifacts, tools, pottery, and sites.

How does the text define Cultural Anthropology?

Studies human societies, cultures, beliefs, customs, values, and behaviors.

How does the text define Biological (Physical) Anthropology?

Studies humans as biological beings, including evolution, genetics, primates, and human variation.

How does the text define Linguistic Anthropology?

Studies language and communication in cultural and social contexts.

What is the goal of Applied Anthropology?

To apply anthropological knowledge and methods to solve real-world problems and improve lives.

In which regions did Europeans encounter native people during the fifteenth century exploration?

The America, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.

What is the role of researchers in each of anthropology's four fields?

They gather and analyse data to explore similarities and differences among humans, across time and space.