(LABORATORY) BASICS OF HOSPITAL PHARMACY PRACTICE

Pharmaceutical Care

A practice in which the practitioner takes responsibility for a patient’s drug-related needs and is held accountable for this commitment.

Pharmaceutical Care

Focus on satisfying patient’s needs.

Pharmaceutical Care

Caters for the provision of advice and even removal of drugs from the therapy if this is in the patient’s interest

clear.

The professional obligation of the pharmacist is now _____.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

The responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcome that improves a patient’s quality of life.

1. Curing a disease

2. Eliminating or reducing patient’s symptoms

3. Arresting or slowing a disease process

4. Preventing a disease or symptomatology

Outcomes of Pharmaceutical Care (4)

Pharmaceutical Care

Is a PHILOSOPHY.

Pharmaceutical Care

It describes what pharmacists should do.

1. Accepting responsibility for patient outcomes

2. Developing a relationship of trust based on competence to patient’s drug related needs

Two main ingredients in Pharmaceutic Philosophy:

Meta-analysis

Highest in the Biomedical Literature

In vitro studies (also in vivo studies)

At the bottom of Biomedical Literature Pyramid

TERTIARY → SECONDARY → PRIMARY

Stepwise Approach to Find Information (3)

Tertiary

• General information

• Textbooks, review articles

• Full-text databases

Secondary

• directs to primary literature

  • Indexing or abstracting

Primary

• Most recent and in-depth information

• Clinical research studies

Tertiary resources

The answer to a question is basic factual knowledge in the field.

Tertiary resources

The answer was studied extensively and a conclusion was made.

Tertiary resources

Many experts have addressed the question and agree on answer.

Secondary and primary resources

A question is new and has never been studied.

Secondary and primary resources

There is no consensus among experts; various opinions abound.

Secondary and primary resources

There is conflicting evidence and the question needs further study.

1. General information at the time of first contact or admission

2. Chief complaint

3. History of present illness

4. Past medical history

5. Family history

6. Social history

7. Medication history

8. Review of systems
   - Data from patients
   - Subjective data

9. Physical examination findings
   - Objective data

10. Laboratory and diagnostic tests

11. Patient problem list and initial plans

12. Patient progress

13. Discharge data (if applicable)

14. Plans for follow-up

15. Allergy

COMPONENTS OF THE PATIENTS CASE PRESENTATION (15)

1. Clinical Practice Environment

2. Developing a Professional Image

STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT (2)

Clinical Practice Environment

• Commands the highest academic and professional standards.

• High level of professional integrity

• Diverse

• Must be a safe environment

• Clinical practice environment should be fruitful and rewarding

1. Exhibiting proper behavior

2. Showing positive attitudes

3. Maintaining a professional appearance

Developing a Professional Image (3)

1. Respectful

2. Willing to listen

3. Observe confidentiality

Exhibiting proper behavior (3)

1. Courteous

2. Cheerful

3. Optimistic

4. Show eagerness to learn

5. Empathy

Showing positive attitudes (5)

1. Dressing in an appropriate manner

2. Maintaining a physical appearance that is suitable for the clinical environment complements the clinical knowledge and skill

3. Something earned over time and not demanded, automatically obtained

Maintaining a professional appearance (3)

1. To respect the relationships held between health care providers and patients as conventional ones

2. To care for patients in a compassionate and confidential manner

3. To respect the autonomy and dignity of patients

4. To strive to maintain professional competence

5. To respect the values of colleagues and other health care team members

6. To be aware of individual, community and societal needs

7. To seek justice in the distribution of health resources

CODE OF ETHICS FOR PHARMACISTS (7)

1. Formulate well-thought-out idea

   • Relate to the problem being solved, realistic, concrete, prioritize ideas and present them logically and rationally

2. Ideas must be communicated properly ○

   • Speak clearly and at a constant rate without great variation and pitch and tone

3. Demeaning, derogatory, or perverse language; profanities; and slang terms are unacceptable in the clinical learning environment

4. Nonverbal mannerisms that will detract from the idea should be avoided

5. At the start, determine the patient’s physical, mental, and emotional states (must be conductive to counseling/consultation)

6. If you need to clarify something, do it in a courteous and timely manner

Using Proper Language (6)

Organizational Chart

is a visual representation of an organization's structure that displays the relationships between its different parts.

Organizational Chart

This diagram is used to communicate the organization's hierarchy and how it operates.

1. to provide an easy-to-understand visualization of an organization's structure and relationships between its various parts.

2. serves as a communication tool to help people comprehend the organization's hierarchy and to convey its structure to others.

3. help clarify roles and responsibilities

4. demonstrate how different departments and teams fit together

5. useful for planning and decision-making purposes.

PURPOSE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHART (5)