Hamstring and Abdominal Muscles

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to hamstring and abdominal muscles, essential for understanding their anatomy and functions.

Biceps Femoris

Muscle that originates from the ischium, inserts at the proximal tibia and lateral patella, and abducts and extends the thigh while flexing the stifle.

Semimembranosus

Muscle originating from the ischium, inserting on the medial distal femur and medial proximal tibia, extending the hip and flexing the stifle.

Origin

The fixed or less movable end of a muscle.

Insertion

The movable end of a muscle where movement occurs.

Flexor

Muscle action that decreases the angle of a joint.

Extensor

Muscle action that increases the angle of a joint.

Abductor

Muscle action that moves a bone away from the midline.

Adductor

Muscle action that moves a bone toward the midline.

Levator

Muscle action that produces a dorsally directed (lifting) movement.

Depressor

Muscle action that produces a ventrally directed (lowering) movement.

Pronator

Muscle action that turns or rolls the paw inward.

Supinator

Muscle action that turns or rolls the paw outward.

Sphincter

Muscle action that decreases the size of an opening.

Dilator

Muscle action that increases the size of an opening.

Sartorius

Muscle originating from the ventral ilium, inserting at the patella and proximal tibia, adducts and rotates the femur.

Gracilis

Muscle originating from the ischium and pubis, inserting at the medial tibia, adducts and retracts the leg.

Semitendinosus

Muscle originating from the ischium and inserting at the medial tibia; it flexes the stifle.

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Muscle originating from the ventral ilium, inserting at the patella, flexes, abducts, and internally rotates the hip.

Caudofemoralis (Gluteofemoralis)

Muscle originating from the transverse processes of the last sacral and first caudal vertebrae, inserting at the lateral patella, abducts the thigh and extends the stifle.

Gluteus Maximus

Deep gluteal muscle that originates from the transverse processes of the last sacral and first caudal vertebrae and abducts the thigh.

Gluteus Medius

Middle gluteal muscle that originates from the lateral ilium and transverse processes of the last sacral and first caudal vertebrae, abducts the thigh.

Vastus Intermedius

Muscle originating from the femoral shaft, inserting at the tibial tuberosity, extends the stifle.

Vastus Medialis

Muscle originating from the femoral shaft, inserting at the tibial tuberosity, extends the stifle.

Rectus Femoris

Muscle originating from the ilium near the acetabulum, inserting at the tibial tuberosity, extends the stifle.

External Abdominal Oblique

Muscle originating from the lumbodorsal fascia and last 9–10 ribs, inserting at the distal sternum and linea alba, compresses the abdominal region.

Internal Abdominal Oblique

Muscle originating from the lumbodorsal fascia and ilium, inserting at the linea alba, compresses the abdominal region.

Transversus Abdominis

Muscle originating from costal cartilages, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, and ventral ilium, inserting at the linea alba, compresses the abdomen.

Rectus Abdominis

Muscle originating from the pubis, inserting at the first and second costal cartilages and proximal sternum, compresses the abdominal region.