Chief Justice's for Exam 2

Chief Justice Morrison Waite 7th Chief Justice 1874-1888 (1)

• wrote first Supreme Court opinions interpreting the 14th and 15th Amendments in cases involving Negroes civil Rights

• believed the judiciary should play a subordinate role in policy making and should defer to the political branches in questions concerning the reasonableness of legislation.

• moderate position on national legislative power and federal-state relations;

• Munn established the basic principle of constitutional law government state governments as they attempted to deal with economic changes caused by the industrial revolution

• Also approved state regulation of corporations that held that contract clause did not prohibit a state legislature form reserving power to alter charter grants

Chief Justice Morrison Waite 7th Chief Justice 1874-1888 (2)

• During his tenure Court was remarkably free of congressional criticism.

• Case after case court resisted limitations on federal power derived from state sovereignty premises and held that Congress's authority to enact statutes deemed necessary and proper for the enumerated powers had the same scope under the Constitution as it would if the states did not exist. At times practically said Congress had many inherent powers as part of its sovereignty. Almost every member of the Court wanted to extirpate every corollary of southern rights theory

Chief Justice Melville Fuller 1888-1910 8th Chief Justice (1)

• 1. Phi Beta Kappa at Bowdoin College in Maine

• 2. To promote harmony among his colleagues he instituted the practice of having the justices shake hands with each other at the beginning of their private conferences and before going into the courtroom.

• 3. Instrumental in securing passage of the Circuit Court of Appeals Act in 1891 to relive justices of the burdensome task of sitting as judges i their circuits.

Chief Justice Melville Fuller 1888-1910 8th Chief Justice (2)

• 4. Before he got on the bench he was for free enterprise, hard money and equal opportunity in the market. Was against a Paternalism that constantly interfered with individual freedom. No place in county that relies on individual initiative

• 5.Contemporary observers said he was a weak Ch.J. who neither led his Court nor exerted substantial influence- yet he voted with the majority in virtually every leading case.

• 6. Considered a very good task and social leader. Voted in majority in all major cases and did not take the most important opinions for himself

9th Chief Justice, Edward Douglas White • Associate Justice 1898-1910 • C.J.1910-1921 (1)

• First Associate Justice to be elevated to Chief Justice

• Fought in Confederate army and was captured
• Elected to Senate from Louisiana

• 2nd Catholic on Court

• 3rd choice of President Cleveland

9th Chief Justice, Edward Douglas White • Associate Justice 1898-1910 • C.J.1910-1921 (2)

• Chosen by Taft over Charles Evans Hughes

• Some say choice was also to stem anti-Catholic feelings of that era

• Opposed federal intrusion into states arena but dissented in Lochner.

• Not always consistent. Joined Harlan in Champion but also in majority in Hammer. Dissented in Lochner. Against statute in Bunting

• Refused to resign in 1920 so Harding could appoint Taft. Died in 1921

10th C.J., Chief Justice William Howard Taft 1921-1930 (1)

• Was President from 1908-1912

• Started as Judge in Cincinnati

• Had 6 new appointment to Supreme Court and most ever and most per year Lurton, Hughes, Van Devanter, Lamar and Pitney Elevated White to Chief Justice as well.

• Supported substantive due process Atkins

10th C.J., Chief Justice William Howard Taft 1921-1930 (2)

• Supported a more energetic executive power than he personally exercised.

• Called the position of Chief Justice “next to my wife and children . . . the nearest thing to my heart in my life.”

• Tenure marked by hard work and efforts at judicial reform-Judges Act of 1922 gave C.J. more power over federal courts and Supreme Court more control over its docket so it did not have to take every case.

•  Provided administrative and technical leadership second to none up to that time Father of the new Supreme Court building he did not see. Cornerstone laid in 1929 and Court opened in 1935, costing $94000 at the time.

Charles Evans Hughes 11th Chief Justice of the United States (1)

1, Educated at what is now Colgate and Brown. Then Columbia Law School

2. 99.5 on New York bar exam

3. Gained fame on N.Y. legislative committee dealing with corrupt practices of insurance companies

4. With T.R.’s endorsement ran scuccessfully for Gov o NY. Defeated Wm Randolph 5.

5.Appointed to Court by Taft in 1910 and resigned to run against Wilson in 1916. Served as Harding’s Sec’y of State 1921-25

Charles Evans Hughes 11th Chief Justice of the United States (2)

6. Hoover made him C.J. in 1930 Authored twice as many constitutional opinions as any other member of his Court. Eventually gave some support to Roosevel'ts programs/ Swing voter

7. Chief Justice who wanted to be President vs Taft who was president and wanted to be Chief Justice.

8. Competing quotes in Blaisdell Sutherland

9. Fought Court packing plan

10. retired in 1941

Harlan F. Stone 12th Chief Justice of the United States (1)

• Coolige’s A.G. Classmates at Amherst.

• Part of Hoover’s Medicine Ball cabinet-exercised together on Whit eHouse law at 6:30 a.m

Harlan F. Stone 12th Chief Justice of the United States (2)

• Fought colleagues on right in Taft and Hughes Court and on left in his own court. Legal realist-law functions best when fitted into the life of a a people

• Not a great C.J. lots of quarrels and dissent on his Court. Viewed Bretheren as a team of wild horses.