Use of Force / DT Week 1

Technique and Procedure Selection

• Factors Inherent to Law Enforcement

• Criteria for Selection of Techniques

Defensive Tactics Principles

• Balance

• Redirection of Force

• Position of Advantage

• Body Mechanics

• Use of Trunk Muscles

• Breath Control

• Leverage

The Types of Motor Skills

• Gross Moter

• Fine Motor

• Open Moter

• Closed Motor

Force Considerations from Case Law

• Graham v. Connor

• Tennessee v. Garner

Force Continuum Factors

• Severity of Crime

• Is suspect an immidete threat

• is suspect resisting arrest

• Is suspect evading arrest by flight

De-Escalation of Forcee by Officers

Strategic slowing down of an incident in a manner that allows officers more time, distance, space, and tactical flexibility during dynamic situations on the street

Levels of resistance

• Physical Posturing (Squaring up, staring)

• Verbal (not cooperating with officer)

• Passive Resistance (Dead weight)

• Active Resitance (Pulling away)

• Assaultive

• Deadly Assualt

Levels of Control

• Officer Presence

• Verbalization

• Empty Hand Control (Holds / Kicks)

• Less-Lethal (Blunt, Chemical (OC), CED, Energy (Tasers))

Elements of Deadly Force

Ability (to cause injury or death)

Opportunity (in a position to cause harm or death)

Jeoplardy (intent, threatening move)

Positions of the fighting platform

• Interview Stance (non-threatening)

• Low-Ready Stance (when approaching)

• High Ready (advantage over aggressive suspect)

The Fighting Platform Principle of all weapon sustems towards the threat:

• Empty Hand

• Less Lethal

• Firearms

Patterns of movement from the fighting platform

• Rearward

• Forward

• Lateral (the direction you’re going to the side is the foot you move)

• Tactical L (Rearward + Lateral)

Tactical positioning while maintaning the fighting plattform

• Frontal

• Frontal Oblique

• Neutral

• Rear Oblique

• Rear

Reach Reactionary Gap

Double Arm’s lenght away

Reactionary Gap Options to Resistance

Stages of Reaction Time

• Preception

• Analyze / Evaluate

• Formulate Strategies

• Initiate Motor Action (Implient a response)

Autonomic Nervous Sytem

Controls involuntary actions in two brances:

• Homeostasis (maintain composure)

• Parasympathetic Nervous System (Conserving energy)

SNS

Sympathetic Nervous System (Fight or Flight)

SNS Activation / Triggers

• Norepinephrine and Epinephrine released to help function under stress

• Triggered by unexpected threat

SNS Activation Physiological Changes

• Adrenal Activity (higher heart rate, better breathing, hormones released)

• Vascular Activity (Blood flowig away from extrmeties)

• Perceptual Narrowing (hearing loss)

Relationship between activation of the sympatheticc nervous system and combat performance

• Loss of Vision / Tunnel vision

• Loss of ability to focus

• Loss of depth perception

PNS Backlash Triggers / Symptoms

• Dizziness

• Excessive Bleeding

• Shock Symptoms

• Overwhelming exhaustion

• Excessive Muscle tremors

Critical Incident Amnesia Effects

Memory of events is not great. Recalling of events may improve by 50-90% after first sleep.

Second report should not be till after second sleep

Combat performance variables

• Mindset

• Motor Skill Selection

• Nutrition and Hydration

• Fitness

• Belief System

Survial Stress Symptoms

• Shallow Breathing

• Cotton Mouth

• Muscle Tremors

• Increased Heart Rate

• Sweaty Palms (think physical reactions)

Ways to reduce survival streess effects

• Cofidnce Factor

• Motor Skill Selection

• Tactile Breathing

• Visualization Drills

• Faith Factor

Risk Factors for in-custody deaths

• Officers use of force / restraint

• Suspect’s health/condition

Factors Inherent to Law Enforcement

• Training Time (Time allocated)

• Type of Equitpment

• Level of Commiitment

Criteria for Selection of Techniques

• Physical Safety of Officer

• Technique Criteria (Practical, effective, and teachable)

• Response Options (Option select)

Gross Motor Skills

Motor Skills that require large muscle groups

Fine Motor Skills

Small muscle groups (Think fingers)

Open Motor Skills

Reacting to environment

Closed Motor Skills

Ability to perform the same task with effiency

Graham v. Connor

• Severity of the crime

• was suspect an immedient threat to officer or anyone

• Did suspect resist

• Was use of force reasonable

• judge and jury evaluate the situation based on info presented by officer

Tennessee v. Garner

Justifications for deadly force

• To prevent the death or injury of officer or someone else

• to prevent escapee

• officer should not risk themselves or public

• officer should use verbal commands