Studied by 6 peoplelinked short trade routes into overall network between Europe and East Asia (frame/mattress saddle, paper currency)
camel caravans
China's wealth with silk, peasants shifted food cultivation to focus on trading, silk trade prospered
luxury goods
groups of people w/ different beliefs and peaceful contact w/ Indian traders/Buddhist monks quietly brought faith to East Asia
cultural diffusion
wealth/gifts transform Buddhism, to asceticism to more worldly practice
transformation of Buddhism
repeated name of Buddhist deity
pure land Buddhism
Confucianism resisted Buddhist growth and abolished practice, Buddhism assimilation with Chinese culture with "neoconfucianism" while sharing local temples
Buddhist change
largest sea trade network before 1500's southeast Asia to eastern Africa porcelain spices ivory gold incense
Sea roads
predictable monsoon sailors could anticipate weather, highway on Indian ocean
environmental factors
improving magnetic needle use of astrolabe and ships the dhow and junk
technological impact
diasphoric community large migration, spreading of people in culture
social influence
kingdom in southeast Asia transformed by trade geography became cosmopolitan and major center for cultural diffusion
Srivijaya
largest religious monument in the world. Hindu to Buddhist temple, present Cambodia "Khemer Empire"
ankorwat
Considered prestigious new major city centers
Southeast Asia and its influence
Indonesian city converted to Islam to attract trade first globalized city dozens of culture language cross roads
Malacca
East African: demand african goods opened to indian ocean trade gold ivory quartz leopard sins iron timber slaves exotic animals
Swahili civilizations
exchanged goods from interior africa for china goods, SE asia and india much of EA adapted islam during prolonged contact
swahili and indian ocean world
demand for gold fueled the growth known for huge stone structures as a sign of wealth expose to trade=what for human civilizations
Great Zimbabwe
extended exposure to roman and muslim worlds generating cloth glassware weapons and books
North Africa
extensive salt an copper deposits
Sahara Desert
grows extensive crops like yams and kola nuts
West Africa
survive ten days in desert without water making desert travel possible
Arabian camel
ghana, mali, songhey, kanem emerged and grew fabulous wealth Marsa Musa king of Mali in 1300s wealthiest person to ever exist due to the salt and sand trade
West African Kingdoms
Chinese sailors and traders
important in the south china sea and southeast Asian ports in 11 century
Emporer Yongle
massive fleet in 1405
Zheng He
Muslim Eunuch strived to engage distant people in Chinese tribute system, Chinese control over foreign trade
Chinese voyages
abruptly stopped voyages in 1433, "waste of time"
Voyages impact on trading
Chinese merchants and craftsman settled and traded with japan, Philippines, Taiwan, and SE Asia with no government support Portuguese penetrated across sahara
Long distance trade
linked North Africa and Mediterranean with West Africa
environment impact on trans african trade
north africa manufactured goods, people grew crops, produced textiles, mined gold, provided incentives
Ecological zones
sahara grasslands and forest areas
arabian camel
10 days without water, made sahara travel possible, regular commerce by 300-400 C.E.
West Africa trading
gold in high demand and ivory, kola nuts, slaves. Got cloth, horses, salt, and manufactured goods in return
Caravans
traveled for 1000 years, sahara major international trade route
Trade created...
new/larger political structures, new west african civilization, series of states in western/central Sudan between 600-1600. (ghana, mali, songhay)
African City States
created by Hausa speaking people in north nigeria kano, katsino, gober city states on east african coast flourishing urban/commercial culture and great riches monarchies with elaborate court life and military forces high point in 14th century
social/gender heirarchies
most rulers, public officials, and merchants were male matrilineal patterns replaced by patrilineal in 1200 Power women were seen as dangerous, seductive distraction, untrustworthy average women central agriculture/weaving, royal women oral traditions and myths
slaves in west africa
mainly women male slaves were officials, porters, craftsman mainly came from societies farther south 1100-1400, 5500 slaves a year
urban and commercial centers
manufacturing centers (beads, iron tools, cotton textiles) cosmopolitan places (known for close tied jobs) major trading system of timbuktu trade facilitated by diasporic communities
Islam in West Africa
islam was peaceful w/ traders, mostly voluntary without incentives
Spread of islam in WA
spread many in urban centers, links to muslim trading, literate officials assisted religious legitimacy
mansa mula
ruler of mali prominent pilgrim, hajj in 1324 (really rich)
Islamic centers
west african cities 16th century
Timbuktu education
150 quranic schools multiple centers, libraries tens of thousands of books, rulers subsidized the building of major mosques, Arabic language of religion/fine arts
Islam and Africa relationship
Islam was africanized and WA was islamized
isalamic world
great place for communication and exchange trade/brok down policial barriers valued commmerce sharia law
muslim merchants
on all afro eurasion trade routes, commercial canton colony, spread of water management
diffusion of technology
Chinese rockets improved, paper making techniques from china
exchange of ideas
persian bureaucratic practice, court ritual, poetry older texts house of wisdom developments in literacy/fine arts
american connections
not as dense as afro eurasian, limited communication
american limitations
lack of llama, potato, maya writing azteca and inca had little contact lack of domesticated/large animals, wheeled vehicles geographical obstacles with panama commerce flourished, no long distance trade
cahokia
center of widespread trading network, had copper animal hides
chaco canyon
five major settlments (pueblos), biggest mexican structure
third node in mesoamerica
maya and teoithucian traded through land, maya traded by sea on both coasts
pochtea
proffesional aztec merchants
Note
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