Chapter 7 - Alkynes

Tautomers

________ are constitutional isomers that are in equilibrium with one another and only differ in the placement of a hydrogen atom or another atom.

Alkynes

________ are far less reactive to most electrophilic additions than alkenes.

PVC

________ is utilized to make around 67 percent of all pipe, fittings, and conduit, as well as 42 percent of all polymers used in construction today.

Ethylene

________ was chosen as the beginning ingredient because it can be transformed to vinyl chloride in two steps: When ________ is treated with chlorine, it produces 1, 2- dichloroethane, which, when heated in the presence of charcoal or other catalysts, produces 1, 2- dichloroethane.

addition of water

The ________ to terminal alkynes follows Markovnikov's rule; hydrogen attaches to the carbon atom of the triple bond holding the hydrogen.

Enols

________ are in equilibrium with a constitutional isomer created by a hydrogen atom migrating from oxygen to carbon and rearranging the carbon- carbon double bond to form a carbon- oxygen double bond.

alkali metal

The ________ acts as a reducing agent and is oxidized to M1, which dissolves as a metal salt in the reaction solvent.

O H

In general, keto forms are more stable than enol forms because (1) a C "O p bond is stronger than a C "C p bond, although (2) C- H and ________ s links have equivalent bond strengths.

Alkynes

________ can also be converted to alkenes by reacting them with sodium or lithium metal in liquid ammonia or low- molecular- weight primary or secondary amines.

PVC

________ dominates the plumbing and building plastics industry.

Tautomers

________ are the keto and enol versions of 2- butanone.