nursing skills quiz 3

flexion

decreases the angle of a joint

extension

increases the angle of a joint

abduction

away from the midline

adduction

moving toward the midline

pronation

palm down

supination

palm up

circumduction

circular movement

inversion

turning the sole of the foot inward

eversion

turning the sole of the foot outward

rotation

on an axis

protraction

bringing jaw out

retraction

bringining jaw in

elevation

raising a body part

depression

lowering a body part

muscle strength level 0

no movement

muscle strength level 1

trace movement

muscle strength level 2

full ROM (passive)

muscle strength level 3

full ROM (active), not against resistance

muscle strength level 4

full ROM (active), against resistance but weak

muscle strength level 5

full ROM (active), against resistance

5 P's in UE and LE

pain, pulse, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis

PERRLA

pupils equal, round, reactive to light, and accommodations

crepitation

cracking sound

crepidation

limited ROM

kyphosis

spinal hump

lordosis

carrying extra weight gain or a fetus

scoliosis

S shape or C shape

microcephaly

abnormally small head

macrocephaly

abnormally large head

posterior fontanel

soft spot, closes by age 1-2 months

anterior fontanel

soft spot, closes between 9 months and 2 years

strabismus

lazy eye

diplopia

double vision

nystagmus

any lagging of one eye

6 cardinal positions of gaze

up-right, right, down-right, down-left, left, up-left

tinnitus

ringing of ear

vertigo

dizziness

otoscope

instrument for examining the ear, pinna up and back on an adult; pull pinna down on an infant or younger than 3 years

4 point gait

crutch, leg, opposite crutch, opposite leg

3 point gait

3 things move at once, both crutches and bad leg then good leg

2 point gait

2 things move at once, crutch and opposite leg

lymph node abnormal finding

enlarged, hard, fixed

lethargic

sluggish

stuporous

partial unconsciousness

comatose

not reacting at all

glasgow coma scale

eye opening response, motor response, verbal response; know if patient is improving or declining

stereognosis

being able to recognize and identify common objects by touch in hand

romberg test

feet together, hands at side, eyes closed, hold 20 seconds

pronator drift

raise each arm, look for drifting

reflex 4+

very brisk, hyperactive with clonus

reflex 3+

brisker than average

reflex 2+

average, normal

reflex 1+

diminished

reflex 0

no response

babinski reflex

sole of foot is stroked, toes fan out

palmar grasp

object placed in palm, fingers grip

rooting reflex

head turns when side of cheek is stroked

moro-startle reflex

an infant will startle in response to a loud sound or sudden movement

tonic neck reflex

turning the head to one side, extending the arm and leg on that side, and flexing the limbs on the opposite side

fasciculations

repeated twitching of a resting muscle (eye)

myoclonus

rapid jerking at regular intervals (hiccuping)

decerebrate

arms extended, hands form an e at side

decorticate

flexion into body