Comps SLP

Congenital conditions

Conditions present from birth (e.g., cleft palate, Down syndrome).

Acquired conditions

Conditions developed after birth (e.g., aphasia after a stroke).

HIPAA Privacy

Protects the confidentiality of patient health information.

HIPAA Security

Ensures that electronic health information is kept secure.

Perlocutionary stage

Infant’s actions are interpreted by caregivers (0-8 months).

Illocutionary stage

Intentional communication with gestures or sounds (9-12 months).

Locutionary stage

Use of words to communicate (12+ months).

Milieu Teaching

A naturalistic, conversation-based teaching method for language development.

Developmental disorders

Delays or disorders in reaching milestones.

Organic disorders

Result from physical abnormalities.

Nonorganic disorders

No clear physical cause.

Neurogenic disorders

Disorders caused by damage to the nervous system.

Articulatory inaccuracies

Difficulty physically producing speech sounds.

Speech sound disorders inaccuracies

Broader category including phonological errors.

Types of Dysarthria

Flaccid, spastic, ataxic, hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, mixed.

Dynamic Assessment

An interactive approach assessing a child’s potential to learn.

AMRs (Alternating Motion Rates)

The speed and regularity of rapid alternating movements.

Developmental Norms

Expected age ranges for achieving developmental milestones.

Standardized assessments

Formal tests with consistent procedures and scoring.

Non-Standardized assessments

Informal tests, flexible in nature.

Calculating MLUs (Mean Length of Utterance)

Total morphemes ÷ total utterances.

Phases of Swallowing

Oral Preparatory, Oral Transit, Pharyngeal, Esophageal.

Basic Phonological Processes

Fronting, stopping, gliding.

Pure Tone Testing

Testing hearing thresholds across frequencies.

Tympanometry

Measures middle ear function.

Aural Rehabilitation

Therapy aimed at improving communication for people with hearing loss.

Broca’s Aphasia

Non-fluent, speech is effortful.

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Fluent, but often nonsensical speech.

Global Aphasia

Severe, affecting both comprehension and expression.

Anomic Aphasia

Difficulty finding words.

IEP (Individualized Education Program)

Tailored education plan for students with disabilities.

504 Plan

Accommodations for students with disabilities in school.

Professional Licensure

State-regulated permission to practice.

Certification

ASHA’s CCC-SLP certification.

C-Units

Communication units; used in spontaneous speech analysis.

T-Units

Terminable units; used for written language.

Percent of Disfluent Speech

(Number of disfluent words ÷ total words) × 100.

Brown’s Stages of Language Development

Stages of children's language development by age and MLU.

Morpheme Acquisition Order

Typical order of morpheme learning during language development.

Language Development Milestones

Expected achievements in language by specific age ranges.

Speech Sound Development Milestones

Specific sounds mastered by certain ages.

Phonological Processes Suppression

Age at which common phonological processes typically resolve.

Development of Pragmatic Skills

Age milestones for social language use.

Fluency Development

Typical disfluencies and their resolution timeline.

Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)

Inconsistent speech errors and difficulty with longer words.

Dysarthria

Slow, slurred, or quiet speech due to muscle weakness.

Common Standardized Assessments

CELF-5, GFTA-3, PPVT-5.

Dynamic Assessment Importance

Focuses on a child's potential to learn.

Milieu Teaching Strategies

Techniques to embed language teaching within natural contexts.

Expansion/Extension strategy

Expanding upon a child's utterance.

Bilingual Language Development

Different rates of vocabulary growth in bilingual children.

Swallowing Development

Milestones in swallowing skills for infants.

Audiology Basics

Pure tone testing and tympanometry.

Aural Rehab Techniques

Interventions to improve communication for the hearing impaired.

Theory of Mind

Understanding that others have different thoughts and beliefs.

Executive Function skills

Skills involving planning and organizing tasks.

Three domains of language

Form, Content, Use.

Sustained Attention

Maintaining focus over time on a single task.

Selective Attention

Focusing on one task while ignoring distractions.

Alternating Attention

Switching focus between two different tasks.

Divided Attention

Focusing on two or more tasks simultaneously.

Focused Attention

Responding to specific stimuli.

Sensory Memory

Brief retention of sensory information.

Short-Term Memory

Holding information in an active state for a limited time.

Long-Term Memory

Storing information over extended periods.

Episodic Memory

Recollection of specific events or experiences.

Semantic Memory

General knowledge and facts about the world.

Broca's Area

Responsible for speech production and language processing.

Wernicke's Area

Involved in language comprehension.

Cricothyroid Muscle

Adjusts vocal fold tension for pitch control.

Cranial Nerves relevant to speech

Key nerves include CN V, CN VII, CN IX, CN X, CN XI, CN XII.

Vocal Fold Movement

Abduction and adduction are essential for breathing and phonation.

Epiglottis function

Protects the airway during swallowing.

Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

Controls muscles for chewing and facial sensation.

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Controls facial expressions and taste.

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Provides sensory information for swallowing.

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Controls laryngeal muscles and swallowing reflex.

Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Controls neck and shoulder muscles.

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

Controls tongue movements essential for speech.