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The act of taking in food through the mouth.
Ingestion
The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces without altering its chemical structure.
Mechanical Digestion
The movement of food through the digestive tract, including swallowing and peristalsis.
Propulsion
The process of breaking down food into simpler nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.
Chemical Digestion
The process by which nutrients from digested food are absorbed into the bloodstream.
Absorption
The process where absorbed nutrients are transported to cells and utilized for energy, growth, and cellular repair.
Assimilation
The removal of waste products from the body after nutrients have been absorbed.
Excretion
An enzyme produced in the stomach that breaks down proteins into peptides.
Pepsin
An enzyme found in saliva and pancreatic juice that breaks down starches into sugars.
Amylase
An enzyme secreted by the pancreas that helps break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Lipase
An enzyme secreted by the pancreas that further breaks down peptides into amino acids.
Trypsin
An enzyme found in the small intestine that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.
Lactase
Short chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, smaller than proteins.
Peptides
Peptides with specific biological functions, such as antimicrobial or hormone activity.
Bioactive Peptides
Involuntary waves of muscle contractions that move food along the digestive tract.
Peristalsis
Fluid in the mouth that begins the process of digestion.
Saliva
Digestive fluids produced in the stomach containing acids and enzymes.
Gastric Juices
Enzymes secreted by the pancreas that aid in chemical digestion in the small intestine.
Pancreatic enzymes
