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extinction
The process of withholding reinforcement that maintains the rate of response
Removing reinforcement, and the behavior goes away
Extinction
Removing food when the lever is pressed, the animal will stop engaging in pressing the lever over time
Operant extinction (EXT)
The procedure
Withholding the reinforcer for a previously reinforced response
The effect
Responses gradually decrease
Extinction Effects
Behavioral Effects of Extinction
extinction burst
operant variability
force of response
emotional response
Extinction burst
A rapid burst of responses that occur when extinction is first implemented; tendency of operant behavior to increase in frequencyĀ
effects are usually temporary
Often accompanied by increase in frequency, intensity, or duration of the response
Example of extinction burst
ressing the elevator button multiple times because you want the elevator to arrive faster
Operant variability
The topography of response may vary slightly or drastically
Variability increases the chances of reinstatement of reinforcement or contacting other sources of reinforcement
Ex: shaking the vending machine, punching the machineā¦could go wrongā¦
Force of response
Reinforcement can be made contingent (likely but could not happen) on force
Extinction can produce a more forceful response
Emotional response
A variety of emotional responses occur under conditions of extinction
Ex: rats biting the response lever, birds flapping their wings; humans swearing
Emotional behavior may include aggression
Ī (triangle)
DELTA
Resistance to Extinction
The amount of responding that occurs once the extinction procedure begins
The amount of time that passes before the response rate drops below a specific value (usually near zero)
The perseverance of operant behavior when it is placed on extinctionĀ
HOW MUCH RESPONDING IS CONTINUING ONCE EXTINCTION HAPPENS
Factors Affecting Resistance to EXT (extinction)
Ability to discriminate change in procedure
High-magnitude reinforcers given on a continuous schedule of reinforcement produce less resistance to extinction
Signaling extinction will DECREASE resistance
Example: Your teacher would give you a dollar every time you raised your hand in class. However all of a sudden the teacher stops giving you a dollar when you raise your hand, so you stop raising your hand
Factors influencing the effectiveness of extinction
Schedule of reinforcement
Intermittent (partial) vs continuous reinforcement
Intermittent
you get a reinforcer for EVERY FEW responses
Intermittent schedules are more resistant to extinction, making extinction take longer
Continuous
you get a reinforcer for EVERY SINGLE response
Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect (PREE)
PREE ā intermittent (partial) schedules of reinforcement have greater resistance to EXT than continuous schedules of reinforcementĀ
The top graph is intermittent
The bottom graph is continuous
This is best explained by discrimination.
When continuous schedules go on EXT, it is easy to detect.
When intermittent schedules go on EXT, it may take a while to detect the difference
Spontaneous recovery
The rate of response resumes level similar to when reinforced although reinforcement has not been provided for a period of time
The effect decreases over time
this may be due to the presentation of stimuli associated with reinforcement
Response spontaneously comes back after the response has been on extinction.
When an event is removed following operant behavior and the operant class isā¦
STRENGTHENED, the contingency is called NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENTĀ
extinction involves
withholding