extinction

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21 Terms

1

extinction

The process of withholding reinforcement that maintains the rate of response

  • Removing reinforcement, and the behavior goes away

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2

Extinction

Removing food when the lever is pressed, the animal will stop engaging in pressing the lever over time

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3

Operant extinction (EXT)

The procedure

  • Withholding the reinforcer for a previously reinforced response

The effect

  • Responses gradually decrease

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4

Extinction Effects

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5

Behavioral Effects of Extinction

  • extinction burst

  • operant variability

  • force of response

  • emotional response

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6

Extinction burst

A rapid burst of responses that occur when extinction is first implemented; tendency of operant behavior to increase in frequencyĀ 

  • effects are usually temporary

  • Often accompanied by increase in frequency, intensity, or duration of the response

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7

Example of extinction burst

ressing the elevator button multiple times because you want the elevator to arrive faster

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8

Operant variability

The topography of response may vary slightly or drastically

  • Variability increases the chances of reinstatement of reinforcement or contacting other sources of reinforcement

  • Ex: shaking the vending machine, punching the machineā€¦could go wrongā€¦

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9

Force of response

Reinforcement can be made contingent (likely but could not happen) on force

  • Extinction can produce a more forceful response

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10

Emotional response

A variety of emotional responses occur under conditions of extinction

  • Ex: rats biting the response lever, birds flapping their wings; humans swearing

  • Emotional behavior may include aggression

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11

Ī” (triangle)

DELTA

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12

Resistance to Extinction

The amount of responding that occurs once the extinction procedure begins

  • The amount of time that passes before the response rate drops below a specific value (usually near zero)

  • The perseverance of operant behavior when it is placed on extinctionĀ 

    • HOW MUCH RESPONDING IS CONTINUING ONCE EXTINCTION HAPPENS

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13

Factors Affecting Resistance to EXT (extinction)

Ability to discriminate change in procedure

  • High-magnitude reinforcers given on a continuous schedule of reinforcement produce less resistance to extinction

  • Signaling extinction will DECREASE resistance

Example: Your teacher would give you a dollar every time you raised your hand in class. However all of a sudden the teacher stops giving you a dollar when you raise your hand, so you stop raising your hand

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14

Factors influencing the effectiveness of extinction

Schedule of reinforcement

  • Intermittent (partial) vs continuous reinforcement

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15

Intermittent

you get a reinforcer for EVERY FEW responses

  • Intermittent schedules are more resistant to extinction, making extinction take longer

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16

Continuous

you get a reinforcer for EVERY SINGLE response

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17

Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect (PREE)

PREE ā€“ intermittent (partial) schedules of reinforcement have greater resistance to EXT than continuous schedules of reinforcementĀ 

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18
  • The top graph is intermittent

  • The bottom graph is continuous

This is best explained by discrimination.

  • When continuous schedules go on EXT, it is easy to detect.

  • When intermittent schedules go on EXT, it may take a while to detect the difference

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19

Spontaneous recovery

The rate of response resumes level similar to when reinforced although reinforcement has not been provided for a period of time

  • The effect decreases over time

  • this may be due to the presentation of stimuli associated with reinforcement

  • Response spontaneously comes back after the response has been on extinction.

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20

When an event is removed following operant behavior and the operant class isā€¦

STRENGTHENED, the contingency is called NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENTĀ 

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21

extinction involves

withholding

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