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Network
an arrangement of computers and other devices connected to share resources and data
Server
powerful computer that provides the network with a service; storing/ sending/ receiving files and emails
Local Area Network (LAN)
A network that covers a relatively small geographical area, often a single site.
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
a local area network in which connected devices use high frequency waves to communicate
Wide Area Network (WAN)
network that covers a large geographical area
client/server network
network that has at least one server to provide services to the client computers
peer-to-peer network
network that doesn't have any centralized servers.
Bus Topology
network consisting of single cables to which each networked device is connected
Ring Topology
network in which the cable connects one network device to another in a closed loop, or ring.
Star Topology
each network device is connected to a central point.
Mesh Topology - Fully connected
every network is connected to every other network
Mesh topology Partially connected
some network devices may be connected to multiple other networks
Wired connection
methods involve a physical connection between the computer and the network.
Wireless connection
Does not require a physical connection between devices. It transmits and receives radio signals.
Network Data Speed
The speed that data can be transmitted through a communications medium.
Latency
the delay encountered by data traveling through a network
Bandwidth
volume of data being sent
Network Protocols
set of rules that control how communications between devices are formatted and how these connections will be sent/received.
Ethernet (Internet)
protocol that allows computers to talk to each other over wired networks that use devices like routers, switches, or hubs to direct traffic.
WIFI (internet)
commonly used for local area networking of devices and internet access
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) (Internet)
provides a reliable connection between computers
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) (Internet)
allows web browsers and servers to communicate through the exchange of data
HTTP Secure (HTTPS) (Internet)
establishes an encrypted connection between a web browser and server
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) (email)
used when sending emails through the internet
Post Office Protocol (POP)
used for retrieving emails from an email server
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
allows emails to be accessed using multiple email clients
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
transferring files from computer to computer
Network layers
makes software and hardware models easier to understand by breaking it down into functional parts
Cellular/mobile network
wireless network distributed through cells
2G
enabled text messages
3G
increased data transmission speeds
4G
Much higher speeds
5G
smarter, faster, and more efficient.
Network Security
range of activities that protect data from threats
Cyber Attack
Any kind of malicious attack on a network
Social Engineering
attacks that rely on exploiting human behavior
Technical weakness
USBS, unpatched software, eavesdropping
Audit trail
a record of activities that have taken place on a computer system.
The internet
connection that links all networks together
Domain name
a unique name that identifies a website on the internet
Domain Name System (DNS)
Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses.
World Wide Web (WWW)
provides access to web pages which are linked together
TCP/IP network layer: Application
layer which interacts with the user to provide access to services and data that is being sent/received.
TCP/IP network layer: Transport
Layer that manages end-to-end communication over a network.
TCP/IP network layer: Internet
Layer that deals with sending data across multiple networks, from the source network to the destination network.
TCP/IP network layer: Link
Layer that controls the transmission and reception of packets of data to/from a local network.
Note 
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