Conditions and reagents for ALL organic reactions

Alchohol - alkene

Elimination/ dehydration

conc. H2SO4

heated under reflux

Alcohol - aldehyde

oxidation

Cr2O2 2-

distiallation straight away

alcohol- ketone

oxidation

Cr2O2 2-

heated under reflux

alcohol- carboxylic acid 

oxidation

Cr2O2 2-

heated under reflux

aldehyde- carboxylic acid

oxidation

Cr2O2 2-

heated under reflux

alcohol+ Carboxylic acid - ester

condensation reaction

H2SO4

heated under reflux

alkene - alcohol

electrophilic addition

H3PO4/ steam

alkene - alkane

electrophilic addition

H2/Ni

150 degrees

alkene - haloalkane

electrophilic addition

hydrogen halide, halogen

haloalkane- alcohols

necleophilic substitution 

NaOH 

heated under reflux 

alcohols - haloalkanes

Nucleophilic substitution

sodium halide/ H2SO4

nitration of benzene

electrophilic substitution

conc HNO3 and conc H2SO4

maximum of 5o degrees

halogenation of benzene

electrophilic substitution

Cl2 or Br2

alkylation of benzene 

electrophilic substitution

suitable chloro or bromoalkane, halogen carrier catalyst: AlX3 Fex3 

alcylation of benzne

electrophilic substitution

suitable acyl carrier, AlCl3 FeCl3

phenol - phenol ion

it is weak acid, shown through reversible reaction

reverse requires H2O as a solvent

phenol + Na2CO3

no reaction

organic compound that is acidic but dosent react with CO3- is phenol

phenol - pheoxide 

+NaOH 

acid base behvaour 

strong acid 

phenol + halogen

electrophilic substitution

bromine decolourises and a white preciptate forms

+3X2 (aq)

Phenol + HNo3

electrophilic substitution

distillation , HNO3 at RTP 

carbonyl to nitirile

Nucleophilic addition

NaCN (aq) and dil H2SO4

carry out in a fume cupboard

nitirle to carboxylic acid

heat under reflux with distilled HCl

acid hydrolysis 

nitriles to - NH2 

react with H2 with a Ni catalyst

reduction reaction