the urinary system

what are the 3 things urinalysis can do?

1. screen for diseases

2. detect infections

3. diagnose a medical condition

why is pee yellow?

it contains urochrome, a yellow pigment

functions of the urinary system

removes waste from the blood

maintains concentrations of water and electrolytes

regulates pH and blood pressure

maintains homeostasis!

urine is __% water

95

urinary system structures

two kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra

function of kidneys

filter blood

function of ureters

transport urine from kidneys to bladder

function of bladder

stores urine

function of urethra

transports urine outside of the body

the kidneys are positioned ________, meaning they are located behind the ______

retropeironeally

peritoneum

what is the inner area of the kidney called?

renal medulla

what is the outer shell of the kidney called?

renal cortex

what is the medial side of the kidney?

renal sinus

what supplies the kidneys with blood?

renal arteries and veins

label!

A) renal vessels

B) renal artery

C) renal vein

D) ureter

E) renal pyramid

F) minor calyx

G) major calyx

H) renal pelvis

I) renal capsule

J) renal medulla

K) renal cortex

label! (only 2-6 and 8-10)

1. ///

2. kidney

3. renal pelvis

4. ureter

5. bladder

6. urethra

7. ///

8. renal artery and vein/renal vessels

9. renal vein

10. renal artery

renal arteries attach to ______

aorta

renal veins attach to ______

inferior vena cava

what process removes substances from the blood?

diffusion

what is the resulting liquid of blood filtering containing the waste called?

the filtrate

each kidney has 7-18 ______

renal pyramids

what is the functional unit of the kidney?

nephron

label!

1. proximal tubule

2. bowman’s capsule

3. glomerulus

4. distal tubule

5. loop of henle

6. collecting tubule

7. to ureter, then bladder

label!

e) efferent arteriole

f) afferent arteriole

g) glomerulus

what is the first step in urine formation?

glomerular filtration

in glomerular filtration, the glomerulus filters _____ and small substances from the _____ plasma. then it transports it into the glomerular _____ as glomerular _____. _____ _____ allows the movement of fluid out of the glomerulus and into the glomerulus capsule.

water

blood

capsule

filtrate

hydrostatic pressure

what is the 2nd step of urine formation?

tubular reabsorption

during tubular reabsorption, _____ filtered substances are transported from the _____ to the _____

useful

filtrate

blood

what is the 3rd step of urine formation?

tubular secretion

during tubular secretion, additional _____ from the _____ are moved from the _____ capillaries into the renal _____

wastes

blood

peritubular

tubule

filtrate flow chart

bowman’s capsule/glomerulus → proximal tubule → loop of Henle → distal tubule → collecting tubule/duct

what does secretion do?

removes substances from blood and collects as urine

what does absorption do?

moves water, glucose, and other substances back into blood

how many nephrons in a kidney roughly?

1 million

what is urea produced by?

the breaking down of proteins

what does erythropoietin increase?

rbc production

what is another term for urine elimination?

micturition

what muscle controls urination

detrusor muscle

what is the urethra?

a tube that carries urine out of the bladder to outside of the body

what are inserted into the bladder to drain urine?

catheters

what is inserting a catheter called?

catheterization

what do kidney stones form from?

minerals like calcium, oxalate, uric acid

what is the common name for cystitis?

bladder infection/UTI

what causes cystitis?

e. coli enters bladder/kidneys

is cystitis more common in men or women? why?

women - shorter urethra allows bacteria to spread easier and reach bladder

what are the symptoms of cystitis?

• frequent need to urinate

• pain in abdomen

• burning sensation when peeing

• cloudy urine with an odor

what increases risk of bladder cancer?

smoking

how does a person live without a bladder?

they have a bag attached to them that collects the urine instead of a bladder

what is the fancy name for prostrate enlargement?

benign prostrate hyperplasia

how does prostrate enlargement affect urine output?

it slows it

what does an overactive bladder cause?

urgent sensations to pee

what is incontinence?

inability to control urination

what is duplicated ureter?

two ureters drain into bladder rather than a single one

what is used to clean blood when the kidneys have failed?

dialysis

when there is no compatible kidney available, a kidney _____can be used

exchange