Organic Biological Compounds Test Review

Monosaccharides

Simple sugars; glucose, fructose, galactose.

Disaccharide

Two monosaccharides; example: sucrose.

Polysaccharide

Complex carbohydrates; starch, cellulose, glycogen.

Triglyceride

Three fatty acids bonded to glycerol.

Phospholipids

Form cell membranes; contain hydrophilic heads.

Steroids

Lipids acting as hormones; cholesterol included.

Amino Acids

Building blocks of proteins; usually end in ~ine.

Dipeptides

Two amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Polypeptides

Long chains of amino acids; form proteins.

Denaturation

Structural breakdown due to temperature or pH changes.

Nucleotides

Monomers of nucleic acids; consist of phosphate, sugar, base.

Double Helix

Structure of DNA; two intertwined strands.

Hydrolysis

Process of breaking down compounds with water.

Dehydration Synthesis

Formation of compounds by removing water.

Indicators

Substances that show presence of compounds; color change.