EUKARYOTES OF MICROBIOLOGY

eukaryotes

• protozoa

• animals (helminths)

• fungi

• algae

• lichens

• plants

protozoa

• amoeboza

• apicomplexa

• ciliophora

• archaezoa

• euglenozoa

amoebozoa

• entamoeba hystolytica

• acanthamoeba

• naegleria fowleri

entamoeba hystolytica

amoebic dysentery

acanthamoeba

blindness

naegleria fowleri

• brain eating amoeba

• usually lethal

apicomplexa

• cryptosporidium parvum

• theileria (babesia) microti

• toxoplasma gondii

cryptosporidium parvum

causes intestinal symptoms and cause epidemic diarrhea when the cysts contaminate drinking water

theileria (babesia) microti

causes fever and anemia in immunosuppressed individuals

toxoplasma gondii

dangerous to pregnant women

cliiophora

• balantidium coli

• paramecium

• oomycetes

balantidium coli

only ciliate capable of parasitizing humans

paramecium

not currently known to cause any diseases in humans

oomycetes

• water mold

• caused the potato famine in Ireland, which contained an alga that infects potato crops

archaezoa

• giardia lamblia

• trichomonas vaginalis

giardia lamblia

diarrheal illness that is easily transmitted through contaminated water supplies

trichomonas vaginalis

• causes the human STD trichomoniasis

• in men, often does not cause symptoms, but men are able to transmit the infection

• in women, it causes vaginal discomfort and discharge, foul smell, and strawberry cervix

  • may cause complications in pregnancy if left untreated

euglenozoa

• trypanosoma brucei

• T. cruzi

helminths

• nematoda

• platyhelminthes

nematoda

roundworms

platyhelminthes

• flatworms

  • 2 classes: trematodes (flukes) and cestodes (tapeworms)

roundworms

common intestinal parasites often transmitted through undercooked foods

types of roundworms

• enterobius vermicularis

• toxocasra canis

• toxocaria cati

• ocular toxocariasis

• visceral toxocariasis

• necator americanus

• ancylostoma duodenale

• tirchinella spirasis

• dirofilaria immitis

enterobius vermicularis

• pinworms

• causes sleeplessness and itching around the anus, where the female worms lay their eggs during the night

toxocara canis

roundworm in dogs

toxocara cati

• roundworm in cats

• generally, more severe

ocular toxocariasis

• occurs when toxocara larvae migrate to the eye

• symptoms and signs include vision loss, eye inflammation or damgae to the retina

visceral toxocariasis

• occurs when toxocara larvae migrate to various body organs, such as the liver or central nervous system

• symptoms include fever, fatigue, coughing, wheezing, or abdominal pain

necator americanus

• the New- World or North American hookworm

• symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, and anemia

ancylostoma duodenale

• the Old- World hookworm

• symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, and anemia

trichinella spiralis

• trichinellosis (trichinosis)

• is contracted by consuming undercooked meat, which releases the larvae and allows them to encyst in muscles

• will cause a lot of inflammation and pain with a focus on the muscles

dirofilaria immitis

causes heartworm in dogs and other animals, transmitted by mosquitoes

flatworm

often transmitted through undercooked meat

types of flatworms

• opisthorchis viverrine

• taenia solium

• taenia saginata

• dracunculus medinensis

opisthorchis viverrine

liver fluke

taenia solium

pork tapeworm

taenia saginata

beef tapeworm

dracunculus medinensis

• when people consume contaminated water, water fleas containing the nematode larvae may be ingested. these larvae migrate out of the intestine, mate, and move through the body untile females eventually emerge (generally through the feet)

• need to be very careful when removing because if the worm dies during the removal it will cause severe sickness due to inflammation

fungi

• zygomycota

• ascomycota

• basidiomycota

• microsporidia

zygomycota

mucor

ascomycota

• aspergillus

• trichophyton

• bastomyces

• histoplasma

• coccidiosis

• candida

basidiomycota

cryptococcus

microsporidia

enterocystozoan

mucor

cause infection in the lungs, soft tissue, and rhinocerbral spaces resulting in necrosis

asperigillus flavus

an important causes of allergy and infection contaminant of nuts and stored gains, produces an aflatoxin that is both a toxin and the most potent known natural carcinogen

trichophyton rubrum

• a dermatophyte responsible for fungal infections of the skin

  • jock itch

  • athletes foot

histoplasmosis

associated with contaminated soil

coccidiomycosis

valley fever

candida spp

causes superficial easily treatable diseases (oral thrush and vaginal yeast infections)

cryptococcus spp

virulence because it has capsule which protects it for our immune system

algae

• diatoms

• dinoflagellates

diatoms

produce domoic acid

dinoflagellates

can cause harm to marine life and humans who consume them