Chapter 12 - Central Nervous System

What is the order of the 3 layer tissue covering in the brain?

Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater

Tough and leathery meninge that sits on the outermost layer of brain to help limit movement

Dura Mater

Thing covering around brain with space in between, with weblike extensions, and connects arachnoid to pia mater

Arachnoid Mater

Deepest layer of protective brain tissue, that clings to the brain, and is innervated by tiny blood vessels.

Disease that is extremely contagious, and causes your meninges to become inflamed.

Meningitas

Disease that is common in babies, due to a build up of pressure between meninges

Hydrocephalus

Hematoma type that is between skull and dura mater, often seen with skull fractures.

Epidural Hematoma

Hematoma type that is between dura mater and membranes covering brain, seeing in direct strikes to the head.

Subdural Hematoma

Hematoma type that is an accumulation of blood in the brain

Intracerbral Hematoma

Watery solution with similar composition to blood plasma, whose main function is buoyancy and nourishment for the cerebrum

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Ridges in the Cerebrum

Gyris

Shallow Grooves in the Cerebrum

Sulchi

Made of gray matter, and is responsible for sensory/motor info, plus conscious thinking

Outer Cortex

Made of white matter, consisting of deep myelinated fibers, and is responsible for communication between cerebral cortex and lower CNS

Inner Portion

Part of cerebrum that enables sensation, communication, memory, understanding, and voluntary movement

Cerebral Cortex

Brain lobe responsible for speech and primary motor cortex

Frontal Lobe

Brain lobe responsible for primary sensory areas

Parietal Lobe

Brain lobe responsible for hearing and taste

Temporal Lobe

Brain lobe responsible for vision

Occipital Lobe

Allows conscious control of precise skilled voluntary movements

Primary Motor Cortex

Helps coordinate simulations or sequential actions

Premotor Cortex

Anterior portion of frontal lobe involved with intellect, cognition, recall, and personality

Prefrontal Cortex

Language part of brain for sounding out unfamiliar words

Wernicke’s Area

Language part of brain that helps with speech preparation and production

Broca’s Area

What are the motor parts of the Cerebrum?

Primary Motor and Broca’s

What are the sensory parts of the Cerebrum?

Primary Somatosensory, Primary Visual Cortex, and Primary Auditory Cortex

What are the association parts of the Cerebrum?

Prefrontal Cortex and Wernicke’s area

Defined as each hemisphere having abilities not shared with it’s partner

Lateralization

Hemisphere that controls language, math, and logical reasoning

Left Hemisphere

Hemisphere that controls visual-spatial skills, emotion, and artistic skills

Right Hemisphere

Hollow chambers filled with CSF

Ventricles

Ventricles that are large and C-shaped

Lateral Ventricles

Ventricles in the diencephalon

Third Ventricles

Ventricles in the hindbrain

Fourth Ventricles

Cluster of capillaries that hang from the roof of each ventricle, and makes CSF

Choroid Plexus

How much CSF do we make in 1 day?

1.5 cups

Protective mechanism that has strict selective permeability, only allowing oxygen glucose and essential amino acids

Blood Brain Barrier

Contains cell bodies and nuclei in the outer cortex

Gray Matter

Contains axons found mostly in deeper brain structures, and tracts

White Matter

Area of midbrain that is a pair of sensory nuclei, and collects sensory information

Corpora Quadrifemina

Area of the midbrain that functions similar to basal nuclei, and whose degeneration causes Parkinson's

Substantia Nigra

Acts like a bridge in the brain, linking cerebellum to other brain regions

Pons

Brain relay station, having all sensory and motor info run through here

Medulla Oblongata