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Flashcards for Geriatrics Review
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Homeostenosis
Reduced ability to adapt due to functional modifications.
Musculoskeletal system
Muscles and bones moving and supporting the body
Nervous system
Responsible for collecting and processing information from the senses via nerves and the brain and tells the muscles to contract to cause physical actions
Endocrine system
Provides chemical communications within the body using hormones
Immunolymphatic system
Supplies and drains lymph fluid in support of the cardiovascular and immune systems
Genitourinary system
Part of the excretory system, the sex organs required for the production of offspring
Cardiovascular system
Circulates blood around the body via the heart, arteries and veins, delivering oxygen and nutrients to organs and cells and carrying their waste products away
Respiratory system
The lungs and the trachea that bring air into the body
Digestive system
Mechanical and chemical processes that provide nutrients to the body and eliminate them
Integumentary system
Skin, hair, nails, sweat and exocrine glands
Aneurysm
Local widening of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall or breakdown of the wall from atherosclerosis
Angina
Chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to heart muscle
Atherosclerosis
Hardening of arteries with a collection of cholesterol-like plaque
Congestive heart failure
Inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood. Blood accumulates in the lungs, causing pulmonary edema.
Hypertension
High blood pressure. Essential hypertension is high blood pressure with no apparent cause. In secondary hypertension, another illness (kidney disease or an adrenal gland disorder) is the cause of the high blood pressure.
Myocardial infarction
Heart attack. An infarct is an area of dead (necrotic) tissue.
Cholelithiasis
Abnormal condition of gallstones
Cirrhosis
Chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of liver cells
Colonic polyposis
Condition in which polyps protrude from the mucous membrane lining the colon
Diverticulosis
Abnormal condition of small pouches or sacs (diverticula) in the wall of the intestine (often the colon). Diverticulitis is inflammation and infection within diverticula.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
A condition in which contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus.
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Jaundice
Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues, from high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream
Acromegaly
Enlargement of extremities caused by hypersecretion from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty.
Cushing syndrome
Group of clinical features produced by excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Signs and symptoms include obesity, moon-like facies (fullness of the face), hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis.
Diabetes mellitus
Disorder of the pancreas that causes an increase in blood glucose levels
Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
Hyperthyroidism
Overactivity of the thyroid gland; also called Graves disease or exophthalmic (eyeballs bulge outward) goiter.
Alzheimer disease
Brain disorder marked by deterioration of mental capacity (irreversible dementia)
Cerebrovascular accident
Damage to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, leading to loss of blood supply to brain tissue; a stroke.
Concussion
Traumatic brain injury that can cause bruising, damage to blood vessels, and injury to nerves. Loss of consciousness may occur.
Epilepsy
Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges (membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord).
Paraplegia
Paralysis that affects the lower portion of the body
Syncope
Fainting; sudden and temporary loss of consciousness as a result of inadequate flow of blood to the brain.
Asphyxia
Deficiency of oxygen in the blood and increase in carbon dioxide in blood and tissues. Major sign is a complete absence of breathing, leading to loss of consciousness or death.
Asthma
Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction.
Atelectasis
Collapsed lung
Emphysema
Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.
Albuminuria
Abnormal condition of protein (albumin) in the urine.
Anuria
Abnormal condition of no urine production.
Dysuria
Painful urination
Nephrolithiasis
Abnormal condition of stones in the kidney
Renal failure
Condition in which the kidneys stop functioning and do not produce urine.
a-, an-
No, not
-algia
Condition of pain
ather/o-
Fatty plaque
Brady-
Slow
Dys-
Abnormal, bad, difficult, painful
-graphy
Process of recording or to record
Hemat/o, Hem/o
Blood
-lysis
Breakdown, destruction, separation
-malacia
Softening
-emesis
Vomiting
Stomat/o-
Mouth
Presbyopia
Loss of lens accommodation due to hardening & thickening of the lens and a decrease in muscle tone.
Sarcopenia
Up to 80% decrease in skeletal muscle mass and quality in non active seniors
Osteopenia
Decrease in bone mass