Geriatrics Flashcards Wk 1

Flashcards for Geriatrics Review

Homeostenosis

Reduced ability to adapt due to functional modifications.

Musculoskeletal system

Muscles and bones moving and supporting the body

Nervous system

Responsible for collecting and processing information from the senses via nerves and the brain and tells the muscles to contract to cause physical actions

Endocrine system

Provides chemical communications within the body using hormones

Immunolymphatic system

Supplies and drains lymph fluid in support of the cardiovascular and immune systems

Genitourinary system

Part of the excretory system, the sex organs required for the production of offspring

Cardiovascular system

Circulates blood around the body via the heart, arteries and veins, delivering oxygen and nutrients to organs and cells and carrying their waste products away

Respiratory system

The lungs and the trachea that bring air into the body

Digestive system

Mechanical and chemical processes that provide nutrients to the body and eliminate them

Integumentary system

Skin, hair, nails, sweat and exocrine glands

Aneurysm

Local widening of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall or breakdown of the wall from atherosclerosis

Angina

Chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to heart muscle

Atherosclerosis

Hardening of arteries with a collection of cholesterol-like plaque

Congestive heart failure

Inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood. Blood accumulates in the lungs, causing pulmonary edema.

Hypertension

High blood pressure. Essential hypertension is high blood pressure with no apparent cause. In secondary hypertension, another illness (kidney disease or an adrenal gland disorder) is the cause of the high blood pressure.

Myocardial infarction

Heart attack. An infarct is an area of dead (necrotic) tissue.

Cholelithiasis

Abnormal condition of gallstones

Cirrhosis

Chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of liver cells

Colonic polyposis

Condition in which polyps protrude from the mucous membrane lining the colon

Diverticulosis

Abnormal condition of small pouches or sacs (diverticula) in the wall of the intestine (often the colon). Diverticulitis is inflammation and infection within diverticula.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A condition in which contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus.

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver

Jaundice

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues, from high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream

Acromegaly

Enlargement of extremities caused by hypersecretion from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty.

Cushing syndrome

Group of clinical features produced by excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Signs and symptoms include obesity, moon-like facies (fullness of the face), hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis.

Diabetes mellitus

Disorder of the pancreas that causes an increase in blood glucose levels

Goiter

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

Hyperthyroidism

Overactivity of the thyroid gland; also called Graves disease or exophthalmic (eyeballs bulge outward) goiter.

Alzheimer disease

Brain disorder marked by deterioration of mental capacity (irreversible dementia)

Cerebrovascular accident

Damage to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, leading to loss of blood supply to brain tissue; a stroke.

Concussion

Traumatic brain injury that can cause bruising, damage to blood vessels, and injury to nerves. Loss of consciousness may occur.

Epilepsy

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures

Meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges (membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord).

Paraplegia

Paralysis that affects the lower portion of the body

Syncope

Fainting; sudden and temporary loss of consciousness as a result of inadequate flow of blood to the brain.

Asphyxia

Deficiency of oxygen in the blood and increase in carbon dioxide in blood and tissues. Major sign is a complete absence of breathing, leading to loss of consciousness or death.

Asthma

Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction.

Atelectasis

Collapsed lung

Emphysema

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.

Albuminuria

Abnormal condition of protein (albumin) in the urine.

Anuria

Abnormal condition of no urine production.

Dysuria

Painful urination

Nephrolithiasis

Abnormal condition of stones in the kidney

Renal failure

Condition in which the kidneys stop functioning and do not produce urine.

a-, an-

No, not

-algia

Condition of pain

ather/o-

Fatty plaque

Brady-

Slow

Dys-

Abnormal, bad, difficult, painful

-graphy

Process of recording or to record

Hemat/o, Hem/o

Blood

-lysis

Breakdown, destruction, separation

-malacia

Softening

-emesis

Vomiting

Stomat/o-

Mouth

Presbyopia

Loss of lens accommodation due to hardening & thickening of the lens and a decrease in muscle tone.

Sarcopenia

Up to 80% decrease in skeletal muscle mass and quality in non active seniors

Osteopenia

Decrease in bone mass