Theories of Personality

John has been classified as high in introversion.  Eysenck would predict that:

he would seek out and thrive in an environment that offered a relatively low level of stimulation.

The “Big Five” are: 

neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.

Humanistic psychologist, Abraham Maslow contended that: 

human motives are arranged in a hierarchy. 

The inferiority complex is to _____________ as basic anxiety is to ________________.

Adler;  Horney

According to Freud, the ego is guided by the _______________, whereas the id is guided by the ___________.

reality principle;  pleasure principle

Carter believes that people are basically good and that each person will naturally strive to fulfill his or her unique potential. Carter’s beliefs reflect the ______________ perspective of personality.

humanistic

Janet believes that learning experiences play a critical role in the development of personality, especially in the development of a person’s goals and beliefs about one’s abilities.  Janet’s beliefs reflect the ________________ perspective of personality.

social cognitive

In Freud’s theory, which component of personality is present at birth and completely unconscious? 

the id

The collective unconscious is to _____________ as penis envy is to ________________. 

Jung;  Freud

When 7-year-old Philip was caught pocketing a candy bar that he had not paid for, he felt ashamed and guilty. Using Freud’s terminology, the sense of shame and guilt that Philip felt was a product of his ________________.

superego

In Freud’s theory, if a parent overindulges or frustrates the child’s expression of pleasurable feelings at a particular psychosexual stage of development: 

the child may experience fixation and continue to seek pleasure through behaviors associated with the particular psychosexual stage

As an experienced dancer, Rhonda feels confident in her ability to dance the part of Clara in The Nutcracker ballet. Albert Bandura would say that Rhonda is showing good: 

self-efficacy

Dr. Livingston maintains that unconscious mental processes and early childhood experiences are critical in the formation of personality. Dr. Livingston’s beliefs reflect the __________ perspective of personality.

psychoanalytic

Dr. O’Higgins believes that the study of personality should focus on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences, not explaining development of the personality.  Dr. O’Higgins probably would identify with the _____________ perspective on personality. 

trait

The ________________ perspective on personality emphasizes conscious thought processes, self-regulation, and the importance of situational influences. 

social cognitive