Cognitive Studies

Murdock - Models of Memory

Serial position effect: primacy and recency effects can be explained by multi-store model of memory

Glanzer and Cuntiz - Models of memory

recency effect is not as present in delayed recall as in immediate receall

Bransford and Johnson - Schema Theory

Schemas help to encode new information as the group told before has significantly better memory

Bartlett’s Remembering - Schema Theory

Cultural schemas can lead to memory distortions as we fit new information on to existing schemas

Loftus and Palmer - Reconstructive memory

A more aggressive verb led to a higher speed estimated, which suggests that eyewitness testimony can be influenced by the wording of questions.

Loftus and Pickrell - Reconstructive memory

Lost in the mall, people’s brains can be tricked into believing events happened to them through misinformation

Alter and Oppenheimer - Thinking and Decision Making

People used system 2 for decisions requiring more cognitive effort, while system 1 was used for quick, intuitive choices.

Alter and Oppenheimer - Thinking and Decision Making

Researchers who studied how different cognitive systems influence decision-making processes. They highlighted the contrast between analytical thinking (system 2) and intuitive judgments (system 1).

Englisch and Musseiler - Heuristics and Bias

proved that heuristics can lead to systematic biases in judgment and decision-making.

Englisch and Musseiler - Heuristics and Bias

Judges’ sentencing decision were dramatically influenced by the prosecutors’ demands

Brown and Kulik - Emotion and Cognition

Emotionally intense events are remembered in great detail , clearly, and accurately

Phelps (9/11) - Emotion and Cognition

Flashbulb memories are only likely to occur when witnessing a shocking event first-hand, not merely seeing it for the distance or on the news