History Test - Ch. 14

Battle of Antietam

bloodiest single day in American history - resulted in the emancipation proclamation

Pickett's Charge

last ditch effort by confederates to win at Gettysburg

Western Theater

north won most of the battles in the west

Northern Agriculture

did not suffer from a lack of farmhands

Lincoln and the Constitution

sometimes Lincoln acted beyond the bounds of the constitution in order to preserve the union

Sherman's March

general Sherman estimated that he and his army destroyed many millions of dollars in southern property

Civil War Human Cost

bloodiest war in American history

Army of the Potomac

north's main army in the eastern theater

Copperheads

peace democrats who sympathized with the south and opposed Lincoln

CSS Virginia (USS Merrimack)

southern ironclad that threatened to break the blockade

USS Monitor

the northern ironclad which had a revolving gun turret

Peninsular Campaign

early attempt by the north to capture Richmond, VA - union reached the outskirts of Richmond - south was outnumbered during the campaign - north lost almost all of the major battles

Valley Campaign

small confederate force diverted 2 union armies

Army of Northern Virginia

south's main army in the eastern theater

Wilderness Campaign

series of battles in the woods north of Richmond

March to the Sea

name given to Sherman's destruction of Georgia

First Battle of Manassas/Bull Run

first major land battle of the civil war

Seven Day's Battle

south’s successful defense of Richmond during the peninsular campaign

Battle of Chattanooga

confederate loss that opened the door for Sherman's march through Georgia

Richmond

capital of the confederacy

Battle of Gettysburg

marked the end of the south’s offensive war against the north - first clear cut defeat of the army of north Virginia (confederates)

Forts Henry and Donelson

opened the door for the invasion of Tennessee

Battle of Shiloh

southern ambush on Grant’s army

Siege of Vicksburg

union victory gave the north complete control of the Mississippi river - Grant cut his army off from their supply lines and launched a surprise attack

Siege of Petersburg

attempt to capture the rail center that led to Richmond

Appomattox Court House

army of northern Virginia surrendered here to the north (Lee surrendered to Grant)

Gettysburg Address

famous speech by Lincoln to dedicate a cemetery for the fallen at Gettysburg

conscription/draft

compulsory enlistment into the military

What state was established during the civil war?

West Virginia

states' rights

central issue that sparked the civil war

South's primary advantage

having more talented military leadership/generals

Southern strategy

wage a defensive war and outlast the north

Eastern Theater's main location

in the state of Virginia

Stonewall Jackson

played a critical role in first and second Manassas, the seven days battle, and Chancelorsville

Significance of the Monitor vs. the Virginia (Merrimack)

signaled the end of the age of wooden ships

Result of the Battle of Fair Oaks

Robert E. Lee was promoted to commander of the confederate army

Mississippi strategic importance

divide the confederacy in two

Ulysses S. Grant

despite becoming the victorious general of the civil war, he had previously been forced out of the army due to his alcoholism

New York Draft Riot (1863)

caused over opposition to conscription

border state

slave state that did not secede

Trent affair

almost drew Great Britain into the war

Battle of Cold Harbor

Grant's greatest defeat

Grant's strategy

Grant knew he could replace his losses (soldiers) while the south could not, so he took advantage of this

The Fall of Atlanta

ensured Lincoln's reelection in 1864