Battle of Antietam
bloodiest single day in American history - resulted in the emancipation proclamation
Pickett's Charge
last ditch effort by confederates to win at Gettysburg
Western Theater
north won most of the battles in the west
Northern Agriculture
did not suffer from a lack of farmhands
Lincoln and the Constitution
sometimes Lincoln acted beyond the bounds of the constitution in order to preserve the union
Sherman's March
general Sherman estimated that he and his army destroyed many millions of dollars in southern property
Civil War Human Cost
bloodiest war in American history
Army of the Potomac
north's main army in the eastern theater
Copperheads
peace democrats who sympathized with the south and opposed Lincoln
CSS Virginia (USS Merrimack)
southern ironclad that threatened to break the blockade
USS Monitor
the northern ironclad which had a revolving gun turret
Peninsular Campaign
early attempt by the north to capture Richmond, VA - union reached the outskirts of Richmond - south was outnumbered during the campaign - north lost almost all of the major battles
Valley Campaign
small confederate force diverted 2 union armies
Army of Northern Virginia
south's main army in the eastern theater
Wilderness Campaign
series of battles in the woods north of Richmond
March to the Sea
name given to Sherman's destruction of Georgia
First Battle of Manassas/Bull Run
first major land battle of the civil war
Seven Day's Battle
south’s successful defense of Richmond during the peninsular campaign
Battle of Chattanooga
confederate loss that opened the door for Sherman's march through Georgia
Richmond
capital of the confederacy
Battle of Gettysburg
marked the end of the south’s offensive war against the north - first clear cut defeat of the army of north Virginia (confederates)
Forts Henry and Donelson
opened the door for the invasion of Tennessee
Battle of Shiloh
southern ambush on Grant’s army
Siege of Vicksburg
union victory gave the north complete control of the Mississippi river - Grant cut his army off from their supply lines and launched a surprise attack
Siege of Petersburg
attempt to capture the rail center that led to Richmond
Appomattox Court House
army of northern Virginia surrendered here to the north (Lee surrendered to Grant)
Gettysburg Address
famous speech by Lincoln to dedicate a cemetery for the fallen at Gettysburg
conscription/draft
compulsory enlistment into the military
What state was established during the civil war?
West Virginia
states' rights
central issue that sparked the civil war
South's primary advantage
having more talented military leadership/generals
Southern strategy
wage a defensive war and outlast the north
Eastern Theater's main location
in the state of Virginia
Stonewall Jackson
played a critical role in first and second Manassas, the seven days battle, and Chancelorsville
Significance of the Monitor vs. the Virginia (Merrimack)
signaled the end of the age of wooden ships
Result of the Battle of Fair Oaks
Robert E. Lee was promoted to commander of the confederate army
Mississippi strategic importance
divide the confederacy in two
Ulysses S. Grant
despite becoming the victorious general of the civil war, he had previously been forced out of the army due to his alcoholism
New York Draft Riot (1863)
caused over opposition to conscription
border state
slave state that did not secede
Trent affair
almost drew Great Britain into the war
Battle of Cold Harbor
Grant's greatest defeat
Grant's strategy
Grant knew he could replace his losses (soldiers) while the south could not, so he took advantage of this
The Fall of Atlanta
ensured Lincoln's reelection in 1864