Unit 2 AP afro

What were ladinos in the context of early African explorers in the Americas?

Ladinos were free and enslaved Africans familiar with Iberian culture who journeyed with Europeans in their earliest explorations of the Americas.

What key characteristic defined Atlantic creoles?

Atlantic creoles were Africans who worked as intermediaries during the time before chattel slavery became predominant, possessing familiarity with multiple languages and cultural norms.

What role did Juan Garrido play in the early African exploration of North America?

Juan Garrido was a free man and the first known African to arrive in North America, exploring present-day Florida during a Spanish expedition in 1513.

What three major roles did Africans play during the colonization of the Americas in the 16th century?

As conquistadores, enslaved laborers, and free skilled workers/artisans.

What was the significance of the Stono Rebellion?

The Stono Rebellion was a major slave uprising in 1739 that highlighted the resistance of enslaved people against oppression.

How did the transatlantic slave trade impact West African societies?

It increased violence among societies due to monetary incentives and led to long-term instability and a loss of leadership roles.

What were common methods of resistance employed by enslaved Africans during the Middle Passage?

They staged hunger strikes, tried to jump overboard, and organized revolts on slave ships.

What was the significance of the Thirteenth Amendment?

It abolished slavery in the United States, securing freedom for nearly four million formerly enslaved people.

What role did Harriet Tubman play in the Underground Railroad?

Harriet Tubman was a key conductor who helped lead about 80 enslaved African Americans to freedom.

How did enslaved women resist sexual violence during slavery?

Enslaved women resisted through methods such as fighting attackers, using abortion-inducing plants, and fleeing with their children.

What was the purpose of the Underground Railroad?

It provided transportation, shelter, and resources for enslaved people fleeing to free territories in the North, Canada, and Mexico.

What were the historical and cultural significances of Juneteenth?

Juneteenth marks the end of slavery in Texas, celebrated for its role in acknowledging and commemorating African American freedom and resilience.