EXAM 4 AG HISTORY

When did the US enter WW II?

What was the impact of WW II on farmers after the war?

Overproduction and low prices.

Why was food rationed during WW II?

To feed both military and civilians due to supply worries.

What was the AAA of 1933?

Agricultural Adjustment Administration designed as a farm relief measure to restore parity purchasing power.

Who was Henry A. Wallace?

Secretary of Agriculture under FDR, known for advocating mechanization and supporting production controls.

What commodities did the AAA pay farmers to limit?

Wheat, corn, pork, rice, tobacco, and dairy.

How did the AAA revision in 1938 change agriculture?

Established permanent parity prices, focused on soil conservation, and introduced marketing quotas.

What was FDR’s New Deal?

A series of programs aimed at relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression.

What did the Soil Conservation Service aim to address?

Soil preservation and sustainable farming practices in response to the Dust Bowl.

What were Black Sunday and Black Tuesday?

Black Sunday was a catastrophic dust storm in 1935; Black Tuesday was the day of the stock market crash in 1929.

How did the AAA affect sharecroppers in the South?

It did not help them and often worsened their situation.

What did the Rural Electrification Administration (REA) do?

Provided loans to rural cooperatives for installing electricity.

What was the outcome of the Bracero Program?

Created a consistent supply of cheap labor but displaced many workers.

Why was the Taylor Grazing Act important?

Managed public rangelands to ensure responsible use.

What was Public Law 480?

Agricultural Trade Development & Assistance Act allowing surplus food sales abroad.

How did contract farming benefit farmers?

Provided guaranteed prices and technical assistance.

What were some main changes to farming due to the AAA?

Collapsed sharecropping systems and consolidated farms.

What influenced the increase of part-time farming in the North?

Urban job support alongside agricultural production.

Why did many unions form in the 1930’s and 1940’s?

Due to poverty, sharecropping, and lack of government aid.

What did Nixon’s Wage and Price Freeze impact?

Delayed marketing of cattle, leading to price drops.

What was 'The Wreck' of 1973?

A severe crash in the cattle market.

What shift occurred in southern agriculture after WW II?

Increased demands for commodities led to higher prices and diversification.

What happened to black farmers during the late 20th century?

They faced discrimination and poverty amidst changing agricultural dynamics.

What was a major outcome of the National Black Farmers Union lawsuit?

A $375 million settlement addressing discrimination in loans and federal aid.

What happened during the Dust Bowl?

Approximately 32 million acres were affected by severe drought and poor farming practices.

How did mechanization affect cotton farming?

Led to a decrease in the number of cotton farmers due to consolidation and synthetic alternatives.

What did the Agriculture Act of 1956 aim to do?

Short-term rental of land and long-term conservation programs for marginal farms.

Why did the number of women-owned farms increase?

Women inherited farms, leading to a rise in ownership.

What was the impact of the Korean War on surplus farm problems?

Temporarily increased demand for agricultural products.

How did specialty crop production change in California by 1935?

Increased production controlled by food processors and shippers.

What happened as a result of declining rural populations?

Agriculture voice diminished in Congress; rural representation decreased.