Introduction to Dairy Cattle

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to dairy cattle and dairy farming, based on Dr. Beltaire's lecture notes.

Bos taurus

European-origin cattle adapted to cooler climates.

Bos indicus

Indian-origin cattle adapted to hot climates.

Pasteurization

The process of heating milk to eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life.

Artificial Insemination (AI)

A reproductive technology involving the deposition of semen into a cow’s uterus to ensure breeding.

Holstein

A breed of dairy cattle known for high milk production.

Colostrum

The initial milk produced after calving, rich in antibodies and nutrients.

Failure of Passive Transfer

Inadequate transfer of immunity from colostrum to the calf.

Lactation Curve

Graph showing the pattern of milk production during a cow’s lactation period.

Calve

The process by which a cow gives birth.

Dry Off

The period where cows are removed from milking to prepare for calving.

U.S. Dairy Farms

Characterized by a concentration of fewer farms with larger herds of cattle.

Dairy Breeds

Different types of cattle bred for milk production, e.g., Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss.

Voluntary Waiting Period

Time after calving before a cow is bred again to optimize milk production.

Milk Urea Nitrogen

A measure used to monitor protein and nitrogen metabolism in dairy cattle.

Somatic Cell Count

A measure of the number of white blood cells in milk, indicating udder health.

Cow Comfort

The conditions ensuring the well-being and productivity of dairy cows.

Milk Production

The process and quantity of milk produced by dairy cows.

Economic Impact of Dairying

Dairy products contribute significantly to U.S. agricultural cash receipts.