rivers- lower course

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5 Terms

1
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what is a levee? what are its main characteristics?

natural embankment of silt along banks of rivers

  • raised river banks

  • naturally flat tops

  • steep-sided

2
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how are levees formed?

  1. during flood, water flows onto its banks and deposits silts

  2. in between floods, slow-moving water deposits silts on its bed

  3. silt on banks continues to be built up, forming levees. the river bed also continues to be built up, resulting in a higher river level

3
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what are floodplains and their main characteristics?

  • the area on either side of a river that is covered in water when the channel contains more water than it can carry

  • wide and flat, area of fertile land

4
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how are floodplains formed?

  • erosion removes any interlocking spurs, creating a wide, flat area

  • during flood, material carried by river is deposited, increasing the height of the floodplain

5
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what are estuaries? what are its main characteristics?

  • where the river meets the sea

  • mudflats and salt marshes, high tidal range, wide, changing mix of fresh and salt water