triesters, acyl chlorides

features of carbonyl group

• strongly polar

• Dipole-dipole forces

• boiling points are high

• big difference in electronegativity

why do shorter chain aldehydes and ketones mix completely with water ?

because hydrogen bonds form between oxygen of carbonyl group and water molecule

what is used to make soap from triesters

concentrated NaOH

show reaction between triester and naoh to make soap

what is used to make biodiesel from triester?

methanol in presence of base catalyst, CH3OH

what is acylation

process by which an acyl group is introduced into another molecule

group of compounds are referred to as

acid derivatives

two carbons would read as,

ethanoyl

what does the nucleophile attack

the slightly positive C atom

Groups which strongly attract electrons tend to form the most

stable negative ions

which is more reactive acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides

acyl chlorides

what is the reaction mechanism called?

addition elimination

advantages of ethanoic anhydride as an acylating agent

• cheaper

• less corrosive

• reacts less readily with water

• safer as produced ethanoic acid, not HCl

ethanoic anhydride is used in the production of

aspirin

show mechanism with water

show mechanism with alcohol

show mechanism with ammonia

show mechanism with amines

draw ethanoic anhydride

state a reaction between ethanoic anhydride and water

(CH3CO)2O + H2O → 2CCH3COOH

ethanoic anhydride and methanol

(CH3CO)2O + CH3OH → CH3COOCH3 + CH3COOH

ethanoic anhydride and ammonia

(CH3CO)2O + 2NH3 → CH3CONH2 + CH3COONH4

ethanoic anhydride and methylamine

(CH3CO)2O + 2CH3NH2 → CH3CONHCH3 + CH3COONH3

what is CH3COONHCH3 called

n-methyl ethanamide