ap govt un 1 must know's

amendment 1

RAPPS.- freedom of Religion, Assembly, Petition, Press, and Speech.

amendment 2

Right to bear arms

amendment 3

No quartering of soldiers

amendment 4

No unreasonable searches and seizures

amendment 5

due process, double jeopardy; self incrimination

amendment 6

Right to a speedy and public trial

amendment 7

Right to trial by jury

amendment 8

No cruel and unusual punishment

amendment 9

People's rights are not limited to those in the Constitution.

amendment 10

Any rights not given to federal government are given to the states and people.

amendment 11

foreigners can't sue states, only a state resident can sue

amendment 12

pres + vp cannot be from same state. redefinition of electoral college

amendment 13

No slavery

amendment 14

natural born citizenship, equal protection, selective incorpotation

amendment 15

african-american suffrage

amendment 16

income tax

social contract

thomas hobbes argues that citizens should enter a contract with the govt sacrificing some freedoms to be proteced by the federal govt

john locke

asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

block grants

increase states power with decision of how money is spent

categorical grant

decrease the states power by giving central govt influence over how money is spent

unfunded mandate

decrease the states' power by making states accountable for federal regulations if they want federal funding

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Constitution's requirement that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state

Privleges and Immunities Clause

citizens of one state cannot be discriminated in other states

Charles de Montesquieu

theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

"Social Contract" he explained an ideal society where each community member would vote on issues and majority would become one law.

brutus no 1

An Anti-Federalist essay which argued against a strong central government based on the belief that it would not be able to meet the needs of all US citizens.

federalist no 10

An essay composed by James Madison which argues that liberty is safest in a large republic because many interests (factions) exist. Such diversity makes tyranny by the majority more difficult since ruling coalitions will always be unstable.

federalist no 51

Argues that separation of powers within the national government is the best way to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of one person or a single group.

in order to amend constiution

proposed amendment should be introduced to both houses of congress, approved by 2/3 majority in each, then passed to be ratified by 3/4 of the state legislatures