Unit 2: Bones of the Lower Limb

At the knee the femur articulates with the…

tibia

bones of pelvic girdle and lower limb - 1

pelvic girdle

bones of pelvic girdle and lower limb - 2

thigh

bones of pelvic girdle and lower limb - 3

patella

bones of pelvic girdle and lower limb - 4

leg

bones of pelvic girdle and lower limb - 5

foot

pelvic girdle - 1 & 2

ossa coxae

pelvic girdle - 3

sacroiliac joint

pelvic girdle - 4

pubic symphysis; fibrocartilage joint where 2 ossa coxae join

what two structures make up the pelvic girdle

• ossa coxae (2)

• sacrum

sacrum is part of the axial/appendicular skeleton

axial

ossa coxae is part of the appendicular skeleton

appendicular

pelvic girdle coronal plane - 1

anterior superior iliac spine (asis)

pelvic girdle coronal plane - 2

pubic tubercles

true vs. false pelvis - 1 black

false pelvis; where abdominal structures are found

true vs. false pelvis - 2 black

plane of pelvic brim; runs between sacral promontory and pubic symphysis which divides the true and false pelvis

true vs. false pelvis - 3 black

true pelvis; where urogenital structures are found

true vs. false pelvis - 1 purple

sacral promontory

true vs. false pelvis - 2 purple

pubic symphysis

anterior sacrum - A

lumbar 5

anterior sacrum - B

sacrum

anterior sacrum - C

coccyx

anterior sacrum - 1

anterior sacral foramina; where spinal nerves pass through

anterior sacrum - 2

promontory; anterior-most point of sacrum

what is a foramen?

1 hole

what are foramina?

many holes

posterior sacrum - 1

sacral canal; where the spinal cord passes through

posterior sacrum - 2

median sacral crest; ridge of bone on the posterior side of sacrum

posterior sacrum - 3

auricular surface; “ear” where sacrum connects to ossa coxae

posterior sacrum - 4

posterior sacral foramina; where spinal nerves pass through

T or F: the sacrum is part of the vertebral column

T: the sacrum is a continuation of the vertebral column

os coxae lateral view - right or left os coxae?

right

os coxae - beige section (pink numbers)

ileum

os coxae - purple section (green numbers)

ischium

os coxae - red section (blue numbers)

pubis

os coxae lateral view - 1 pink

ileum

os coxae lateral view - 2 pink

ileac crest

os coxae lateral view - 3 pink

anterior superior ileac spine

os coxae lateral view - 4 pink

anterior inferior ileac spine

os coxae lateral view - 5 pink

posterior superior ileac spine

os coxae lateral view - 6 pink

posterior inferior ileac spine

3 parts of the os coxae

• ileum

• ischium

• pubis

os coxae lateral view - 1 purple

acetabulum; “socket” where head of femur sits

os coxae lateral view - 2 purple

greater sciatic notch

os coxae lateral view - 3 purple

obturator foramen

os coxae lateral view - 1 green

ischium

os coxae lateral view - 2 green

ischial spine

os coxae lateral view - 3 green

ischial tuberosity

os coxae lateral view - 4 green

ischial ramus

os coxae lateral view - 1 blue

pubis

os coxae lateral view - 2 blue

inferior ramus of pubis

os coxae medial view - right or left?

right

os coxae medial view - pink 1

ileum

os coxae medial view - pink 2

ileac crest

os coxae medial view - pink 3

anterior superior iliac spine

os coxae medial view - pink 4

anterior inferior ileac spine

os coxae medial view - pink 5

ileac fossa; scooped out portion

os coxae medial view - pink 6

posterior superior iliac spine

os coxae medial view - pink 7

posterior inferior iliac spine

os coxae medial view - pink 8

auricular surface; “ear” where sacrum joins ileum

os coxae medial view - purple 1

greater sciatic notch

os coxae medial view - purple 2

lesser sciatic notch

os coxae medial view - purple 3

obturator foramen; covered with connective tissue and where arteries pass through

os coxae medial view - blue 1

pubis; most anterior part of os coxae

os coxae medial view - blue 2

superior ramus of pubis

os coxae medial view - blue 3

inferior ramus of pubis

os coxae medial view - blue 4

pubic tubercle

os coxae medial view - blue 5

articular surface of pubis (at pubic symphysis)

os coxae medial view - green 1

ischium

os coxae medial view - green 2

ischial spine; bony point

os coxae medial view - green 3

ischial ramus

what is a rami/ramus?

branch(es)

os coxae medial view - green 4

ischial tuberosity (rough patch); sitting bone and most inferior point of os coxae

femur - right or left?

right

femur - 1

neck; commonly called “hip” fracture

femur - 2

greater trochanter

femur - 3

lesser trochanter

femur - 4

head; ball of the bone and should always point medially

femur - 5

patellar surface

femur - A

lateral epicondyle; rough so that muscles can attach

femur - B

medial epicondyle

femur - C

lateral condyle; easier to see on posterior side of femur because there are two of these smooth patches

femur - D

medial condyle

femur - 6

intercondylar fossa; scooped out region

what connects at smooth bone sites?

bone to bone

tibia and fibula - right or left?

right

tibia and fibula - A

lateral condyle

tibia and fibula - B

medial condyle

tibia and fibula - 1

head of fibula

tibia and fibula - 2

fibula; skinny bone

tibia and fibula - 3

tibia; thicker weight bearing bone

tibia and fibula - C

lateral malleolus

tibia and fibula - D

medial malleolus

what are the tibia and fibula like?

tongs that grab onto the ankle bone

how many tarsal bones are in the foot?

7

how many metatarsals are in the foot?

5

how many phalanges are in the foot?

14

bones of the foot - 1 black

phalanges

bones of the foot - 2 black

metatarsals

bones of the foot - 3 black

tarsals (ankle bones)