AP human (Chapter 1) Key issue 1 terms

Place

A specific point on earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic

Region

Is an area of earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics

Scale

The relationship between the portion of earth being studied and earth as a whole

Space

Refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects

Connection

Refers to relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space

Map

A two-dimensional or flat-scale model of earth’s surface, or a portion of it

GIS

(Geographic information system) Captures, stories, queries, and displays the geographical date

Photogrammetry

The science of taking measurements of earths surface from photographs

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth

Geotagging

The identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates

Volunteered geographic information (GIS)

The creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals

Participatory GIS (PGIS)

a community-based mapping

Mashup

A map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service (Google Maps)

Map scale

The level of detail and the amount of area covered on the map and earth’s surface

Meridian

Is an arc connecting the North and South poles

Parallel

A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

Prime Meridian

The meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, is 0° longitude

Isoline Map

Connects with lines all the places that have particular values

Dot distribution Map

Depicts data as points, and shows how those points are clustered together or spread out over an area

Choropleth map

A map where recognizable areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the variable

Graduated Symbols Map

Displays symbols, that change in size according to the value of the variable

Cartogram

A map in which the size of a country or U.S. state is proportional to the value of a particular variable, such as the amount of corn produced, rather than the actual land area