21. electric charge & electric field

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22 Terms

1

Fundamental Forces

The four main forces of nature: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong interaction, and weak interaction.

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2

Gravitational Interaction

The mutual attraction of all objects due to their mass.

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3

Electromagnetic Interaction

Includes electric and magnetic forces.

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4

Strong Interaction

Responsible for holding the nucleus of an atom together.

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5

Weak Interaction

Responsible for radioactivity.

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6

Electric Charge

A property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.

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7

Positive Ion

An atom that has lost one or more electrons.

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8

Negative Ion

An atom that has gained one or more electrons.

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9

Ionization

The gain or loss of electrons that creates ions.

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10

Conservation of Charge

The principle stating that the total electric charge in a closed system remains constant.

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11

Quantized Charge

Every observable amount of electric charge is an integer multiple of a basic unit.

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12

Conductors

Materials that allow electric charge to move easily.

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13

Insulators

Materials that do not allow electric charge to move easily.

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14

Coulomb’s Law

States that the electric force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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15

Point Charge

A charged body that is very small compared to the distance between charges.

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16

Electric Field

A region around a charged particle where a force would be exerted on other charged particles.

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17

Electric Dipole

A pair of equal and opposite charges separated by a distance.

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18

Electric Dipole Moment

The product of the charge and the distance separating the charges.

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19

Torque on Electric Dipole

The force responsible for rotating the dipole in the direction of the electric field.

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20

Potential Energy of Electric Dipole

U = -p • E, where p is the electric dipole moment and E is the electric field.

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21

Superposition of Electric Fields

The principle that the total electric field at a point is the vector sum of the fields produced by individual charges.

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22

Electric Field Line

Imaginary lines showing the direction of the electric field at various points.

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