Post-Laboratory Discussion: Chemical Reactions and Solubility Rules

Practice flashcards covering chemical reaction types (combination, decomposition, single/double displacement) and the universal solubility rules for common ionic compounds as detailed in the laboratory transcript.

Oxidation of Iron

A combination reaction represented by the equation $4Fe + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2Fe_2O_3$, resulting in a reddish brown product.

Reaction of calcium oxide with water

The combination reaction $CaO + H_2O \rightarrow Ca(OH)_2$ which involves adding $10\,mL$ of water to a pea-sized amount of calcium oxide, resulting in an alkaline pH change.

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

The reaction $2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$ catalyzed by a pinch of yeast in $1\,mL$ of $3\%$ hydrogen peroxide, resulting in bubble formation.

Cupric sulfate pentahydrate decomposition

The reaction $CuSO_4 \cdot 5H_2O \rightarrow CuSO_4 + 5H_2O$ where a pea-sized sample changes color from blue to white and produces moisture.

Reaction of Iron fillings with Hydrochloric Acid

A single displacement reaction represented by $Fe + 2HCl \rightarrow FeCl_2 + H_2$ using $3\,mL$ of $6M\,HCl$, characterized by the formation of bubbles.

Reaction of Mossy Zinc with Cupric Sulfate

A single displacement reaction $Zn + CuSO_4 \rightarrow ZnSO_4 + Cu$ using $3\,mL$ of $6M\,CuSO_4$, resulting in a reddish brown substance and a colorless solution.

Soluble Compounds (Alkali Metals and Ammonium)

Compounds containing alkali metal ions ($Li^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Rb^+$, $Cs^+$) and the ammonium ion ($NH_4^+$) are always soluble in water at $25^\circ\text{C}$.

Solubility of Halides

Compounds containing $Cl^-$, $Br^-$, or $I^-$ are soluble except when paired with $Ag^+$, $Hg_2^{2+}$, and $Pb^{2+}$.

Solubility of Sulfates

Compounds containing $SO_4^{2-}$ are soluble except for those containing $Ag^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Sr^{2+}$, $Ba^{2+}$, $Hg_2^{2+}$, and $Pb^{2+}$.

Insoluble Compounds (Carbonates, Phosphates, Chromates, and Sulfides)

Compounds containing $CO_3^{2-}$, $PO_4^{3-}$, $CrO_4^{2-}$, and $S^{2-}$ are generally insoluble except when they contain alkali metal ions or the ammonium ion.

Solubility of Hydroxides

Compounds containing $OH^-$ are insoluble except for those containing alkali metal ions and the $Ba^{2+}$ ion.

Reaction of Calcium Chloride and Cupric Sulfate

A double displacement reaction ($CaCl_2 + CuSO_4 \rightarrow CaSO_4 + CuCl_2$) that results in a white precipitate.

Reaction of Silver Nitrate and Potassium Iodide

A double displacement reaction ($AgNO_3 + KI \rightarrow AgI + KNO_3$) that results in a white precipitate.

NaCl + Cu(NO3)2

An attempted double displacement reaction between sodium chloride and cupric nitrate which results in no reaction.