DPTD 862 - hypertonicity & coordination

fractionated movement is a function of…

upper motor neurons - lateral corticospinal tract

movement is considered fractionated if supported in sitting, patient can move through __% of available range w/out substitution at hip, knee, or shoulder & __% at wrist and ankle

>50%, 100%

fractionated movement deficit is always associated with w/ a…

central neurological deficit

rigidity is testing by…

moving a joint through PROM

spasticity vs rigidity

• spasticity: increased resistance related to speed of a movement

• rigidity: increased resistance to all movement (not dependent on speed)

spasticity influence of direction of stretch

greater in one particular direction of imposed movement

rigidity influence of direction of stretch

resistance encountered regardless of direction of movement

spasticity limb posturing

if present, arises from increased muscle activity on one side of joint (FLX or ext)

rigidity limb posturing

tonic posturing of limbs due to increased muscle activity on both sides of joint

spasticity typical posturing

UE in flexion, LE in extension

rigidity typical posturing

trunk, UE, & LE flexed

spasticity Babinski sign is…

+

rigidity Babinski sign is…

-

spasticity caused by…

SCI & other UMN disorders

rigidity caused by…

basal ganglia dysfunction

PT interventions provide __ decrease in spasticity

temporary

high tone ___ strength

does not equal

medical intervention for spasticity

Botox injections, muscle relaxants, benzodiazepines

ataxia

lack of coordination appearing clumsy, intoxicated, & awkward