Chapter 17 Cardiovascular System Anatomy

Base of the Heart

widest portion of the heart

Major Factor of Determining BP

heart rate and force

Pericardial Sac

Fibrous Pericardium, Serous Pericardium, Parietal Pericardium, Visceral Pericardium

Fibrous Pericardium

very tough connective tissue that surrounds the heart and connects it to any adjacent tissues such as the diaphragm.

Serous Pericardium

thin inner protective layer that produces serous fluid

Parietal Pericardium

fused to the inside of the fibrous pericardium

Visceral Pericardium

adhered to the heart muscle; also called the epicardium

Pericardial Cavity

serous fluid is found within this pericardial cavity;

Serous Fluid

acts as a lubricant during heart contractions, preventing the parietal and visceral pericardium from becoming inflamed & more

Heart Wall

three layers; epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Epicardium

outer protective layer of the heart

Myocardium

actual muscle tissue of the heart; cardiac muscle

myocytes are the contractile cells of the heart

Endocardium

simple squamous epithelium; very thin layer of tissue

responsible for creating the cardiac valves and is continuous with the vessels of the heart

only surface the blood touches to keep the flow smooth in transition(from surface to surface)

Pulmonary Trunk

blood flows from the right ventricle and into the pulmonary trunk, the initial part of the pulmonary arteries

Pectinate Muscles

muscular ridges inside the atria allowing contraction

Interatrial Septum

wall between the two chambers; within this wall is a structure called the fossa ovalis

Fossa Ovalis

scar from what used to be the Foramen Ovale

Foramen Ovale

hold between the two atrium present in utero; babies do not use their lungs prior to delivery and are instead reliant on the oxygenated blood of the parent

Trebeculae Carneae

muscular ridges of the ventricle, much the same as the pectinate ridges of the atria

Papillary Muscles

unique(to ventricles) fingerlike structures that attach the tendinous structures(cordinae tendinae

Chordae Tendineae

structures connected to the atrioventricular valve(AV Valve); funtion as a kite s

Interventricular Septum

wall between two ventricles, much thicker than the interatrial septum

Right Coronary Artery

supplies blood to the right side of the heart

Left Coronary Artery

supples blood to the left side of the heart

Anastomosis

connections joining tube-ways together, serving as an alternate route for blood flow to travel in the case of a blockage

Coronary Sinus

all blood from all of the veins coming from coronary circulation is going to end up in the coronary sinus, which then drains into the right atrium